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G-protein Coupled Receptor

2010-11-16T15:46:36Z

080337784:

The G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) is a [[Seven|seven]] [[Transmembrane|transmembrane]] spanning [[Receptor|receptor]] that interacts with [[Heterotrimeric G-proteins|G-protein]] in the process of [[Cell signalling|cell signalling]]. It constitutes along with [[Ion-channel-coupled receptor|ion-channel-coupled receptors]] and [[Enzyme-coupled Receptor|enzyme-coupled receptors]] a major class of cell surface-receptor<ref>Alberts, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 5th ed. Garland Science. 2008</ref>.

= Classification =

Over 800 G-protein-coupled receptors have been identified (more than half of them being [[Olfactory receptor|olfactory receptors]]) and phylogenetic studies carried out<ref>Fredriksson R, Lagerström MC, Lundin LG, Schiöth HB. The G-protein-coupled receptors in the human genome form five main families. Phylogenetic analysis, paralogon groups, and fingerprints.Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Jun;63(6):1256-72.</ref>. From these studies the GPCRs can be classified in five main families: 

*'''The rhodopsin receptor family''' of receptors structurally similar to [[Rhodopsin|rhodopsin]], contains the largest number of receptors, including all the olfactory ones. Other members of this family include the [[Adrenergic receptor|adrenergic receptors]], [[Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor|muscarinic acetylcholine receptors ]](mAChRs), [[Glycoprotein-hormone receptor|glycoprotein-hormone receptors]], [[Serotonin|serotonine receptors]] (except the ionotropic 5-HT3 receptor), [[Prostaglandin|prostaglandin receptors]], [[Thrombin|thrombin receptor]], etc. 
*'''The glutamate receptor family '''includes the [[Glutamate|glutamate]] metabotropic receptors, and GABAB receptors. 
*'''The secetrin receptor family''' with the receptor for the peptide hormone [[Secretine|secretine]] as a prototype, it also includes the receptor for [[Glucagon|glucagon]], [[Calcitonin|calcitonin]] and [[Parathyroid hormone|parathyroid hormone]]. 
*'''The adhesion receptor family''' characterized by the presence of motifs in the N-terminus that are likely to be related to cell adhesion. 
*'''The Frizzled/Taste2 receptor family''' includes receptors important for development (frizzled branch) and the taste receptors (TAS2 branch). 

= Structure =

Along with the seven transmembrane core structure, the G Protein Coupled Receptor often have large receptor domains in the N-terminus on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane. Binding of a signal molecule to this receptor domain (or indeed the extracellular part of the transmembrane domains) cause a conformational change in the transmembrane domain and intracellular C-terminus. This triggers the action of a [[G-proteins|G-protein]] which binds guanyl nucleotides. <ref>Berg, JM, Biochemistry, 6th Edition (2007), WH Freeman and Company, New York</ref>

= References =

<references />

G-protein Coupled Receptor

2010-11-16T15:46:07Z

080337784:

G-protein Coupled Receptor

2010-11-16T15:44:25Z

080337784:

The G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) is a [[Seven|seven]] [[Transmembrane|transmembrane]] spanning [[Receptor|receptor]] that interacts with [[Heterotrimeric G-proteins|G-protein]] in the process of [[Cell signalling|cell signalling]]. It constitutes along with [[Ion-channel-coupled receptor|ion-channel-coupled receptors]] and [[Enzyme-coupled Receptor|enzyme-coupled receptors]] a major class of cell surface-receptor<ref>Alberts, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 5th ed. Garland Science. 2008</ref>.

= Classification =

Over 800 G-protein-coupled receptors have been identified (more than half of them being [[Olfactory receptor|olfactory receptors]]) and phylogenetic studies carried out<ref>Fredriksson R, Lagerström MC, Lundin LG, Schiöth HB. The G-protein-coupled receptors in the human genome form five main families. Phylogenetic analysis, paralogon groups, and fingerprints.Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Jun;63(6):1256-72.</ref>. From these studies the GPCRs can be classified in five main families: 

*'''The rhodopsin receptor family''' of receptors structurally similar to [[Rhodopsin|rhodopsin]], contains the largest number of receptors, including all the olfactory ones. Other members of this family include the [[Adrenergic receptor|adrenergic receptors]], [[Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor|muscarinic acetylcholine receptors ]](mAChRs), [[Glycoprotein-hormone receptor|glycoprotein-hormone receptors]], [[Serotonin|serotonine receptors]] (except the ionotropic 5-HT3 receptor), [[Prostaglandin|prostaglandin receptors]], [[Thrombin|thrombin receptor]], etc. 
*'''The glutamate receptor family '''includes the [[Glutamate|glutamate]] metabotropic receptors, and GABAB receptors. 
*'''The secetrin receptor family''' with the receptor for the peptide hormone [[Secretine|secretine]] as a prototype, it also includes the receptor for [[Glucagon|glucagon]], [[Calcitonin|calcitonin]] and [[Parathyroid hormone|parathyroid hormone]]. 
*'''The adhesion receptor family''' characterized by the presence of motifs in the N-terminus that are likely to be related to cell adhesion. 
*'''The Frizzled/Taste2 receptor family''' includes receptors important for development (frizzled branch) and the taste receptors (TAS2 branch). 

= Structure =

Along with the seven transmembrane core structure, the G Protein Coupled Receptor often have large receptor domains in the N-terminus on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane. Binding of a signal molecule to this receptor domain (or indeed the extracellular part of the transmembrane domains) cause a conformational change in the transmembrane domain and intracellular C-terminus. This triggers the action of a [[G-proteins|G-protein]] which binds guanyl nucleotides. <ref>guanyl nucleotides</ref> (Berg, J.M., Stryer)

= References =

<references /> Berg, JM, Biochemistry, 6th Edition (2007), W.H. Freeman and Company, New York

G-protein Coupled Receptor

2010-11-16T15:41:43Z

080337784:

The G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) is a [[Seven|seven]] [[Transmembrane|transmembrane]] spanning [[Receptor|receptor]] that interacts with [[Heterotrimeric G-proteins|G-protein]] in the process of [[Cell signalling|cell signalling]]. It constitutes along with [[Ion-channel-coupled receptor|ion-channel-coupled receptors]] and [[Enzyme-coupled Receptor|enzyme-coupled receptors]] a major class of cell surface-receptor<ref>Alberts, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 5th ed. Garland Science. 2008</ref>.

= Classification =

Over 800 G-protein-coupled receptors have been identified (more than half of them being [[Olfactory receptor|olfactory receptors]]) and phylogenetic studies carried out<ref>Fredriksson R, Lagerström MC, Lundin LG, Schiöth HB. The G-protein-coupled receptors in the human genome form five main families. Phylogenetic analysis, paralogon groups, and fingerprints.Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Jun;63(6):1256-72.</ref>. From these studies the GPCRs can be classified in five main families: 

*'''The rhodopsin receptor family''' of receptors structurally similar to [[Rhodopsin|rhodopsin]], contains the largest number of receptors, including all the olfactory ones. Other members of this family include the [[Adrenergic receptor|adrenergic receptors]], [[Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor|muscarinic acetylcholine receptors ]](mAChRs), [[Glycoprotein-hormone receptor|glycoprotein-hormone receptors]], [[Serotonin|serotonine receptors]] (except the ionotropic 5-HT3 receptor), [[Prostaglandin|prostaglandin receptors]], [[Thrombin|thrombin receptor]], etc. 
*'''The glutamate receptor family '''includes the [[Glutamate|glutamate]] metabotropic receptors, and GABAB receptors. 
*'''The secetrin receptor family''' with the receptor for the peptide hormone [[Secretine|secretine]] as a prototype, it also includes the receptor for [[Glucagon|glucagon]], [[Calcitonin|calcitonin]] and [[Parathyroid hormone|parathyroid hormone]]. 
*'''The adhesion receptor family''' characterized by the presence of motifs in the N-terminus that are likely to be related to cell adhesion. 
*'''The Frizzled/Taste2 receptor family''' includes receptors important for development (frizzled branch) and the taste receptors (TAS2 branch). 

= Structure =

Along with the seven transmembrane core structure, the G Protein Coupled Receptor often have large receptor domains in the N-terminus on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane. Binding of a signal molecule to this receptor domain (or indeed the extracellular part of the transmembrane domains) cause a conformational change in the transmembrane domain and intracellular C-terminus. This triggers the action of a [[G-proteins|G-protein]] which binds guanyl nucleotides. (Berg, J.M., Stryer)

= References =

<references /> Berg, JM, Biochemistry, 6th Edition (2007), W.H. Freeman and Company, New York