The School of Biomedical Sciences Wiki - User contributions [en]

Water

2010-11-25T23:03:52Z

090058978:

Water H2O constitutes of two [[Hydrogen|hydrogen]] atoms and a single [[Oxygen|oxygen]] [[Atom|atom]]. The [[Hydrogen|hydrogen]] atoms are linked to the oxygen atoms by [[Covalent bond|covalent bonds]]. When water [[Molecule|molecules]] interact with each other, the positively charged region ([[Hydrogen|hydrogen]] atom) of one water [[Molecule|molecule]] forms a weak [[Hydrogen bonds|hydrogen bond]] with the negatively charged region ([[Oxygen|oxygen]] atom) of a second water [[Molecule|molecule]] <ref>Alberts et al., Molecular Biology Of the cell, 5th edition, 2008, Garland Science, New York, pg 51</ref>.  

The basis of [[Life|life]], [[Humans|humans]] contain around 40 [[Litre|litres]] of water.

Many diseases are associated with water, for example excess water ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperhydration hyperhydration]), not enough water ([[Dehydration|dehydration]]) and many [[Microorganisms|microorganisms]] use water as a form of transport and spread through water, e.g. [[Cholera|Cholera]]. 

For example Tchaikovsky is thought to have died of [[Cholera|cholera]]: On 2 November 1893, he drank a glass of unboiled water. A few hours later, he had diarrhoea and started vomiting. The following day [[Anuria|anuria]] occured. He lost consciousness and died on 6 November <ref>Acta Med Hist Adriat. 2010;8(1):145-72. The cause of P.I. Tchaikovsky's (1840-1893) death: cholera, suicide, or both? Kornhauser P. Skapinova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.</ref>.

=== References: ===

<references />

Water

2010-11-24T18:33:07Z

090058978:

Water H2O constitutes of two [[Hydrogen|hydrogen]] atoms and a single [[Oxygen|oxygen]] [[Atom|atom]].The hydrogen atoms are linked to the oxygen atoms by covalent bonds. When water [[Molecule|molecules]] interact with each other, the positively charged region ([[Hydrogen|hydrogen]] atom) of one water [[Molecule|molecule]] forms a weak [[Hydrogen bonds|hydrogen bond]] with the negatively charged region ([[Oxygen|oxygen]] atom) of a second water [[Molecule|molecule]] <ref>Alberts et al., 2008, Molecular Biology Of the cell, 5th edition, Garland Science, New York</ref>.  

The basis of [[Life|life]], [[Humans|humans]] contain around 40 [[Litre|litres]] of water.

Many diseases are associated with water, for example excess water ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperhydration hyperhydration]), not enough water ([[Dehydration|dehydration]]) and many [[Microorganisms|microorganisms]] use water as a form of transport and spread through water, e.g. [[Cholera|Cholera]]. 

For example Tchaikovsky is thought to have died of [[Cholera|cholera]]: On 2 November 1893, he drank a glass of unboiled water. A few hours later, he had diarrhoea and started vomiting. The following day [[Anuria|anuria]] occured. He lost consciousness and died on 6 November <ref>Acta Med Hist Adriat. 2010;8(1):145-72. The cause of P.I. Tchaikovsky's (1840-1893) death: cholera, suicide, or both? Kornhauser P. Skapinova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.</ref>.

=== References: ===

<references />

 <references />

Water

2010-11-24T11:23:55Z

090058978:

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water#Health_and_pollution Water] H2O constitutes of two [[Hydrogen|hydrogen]] atoms and a single [[Oxygen|oxygen]] [[Atom|atom]].The hydrogen atoms are linked to the oxygen atoms by covalent bonds. When water [[Molecule|molecules]] interact with each other, the positively charged region ([[Hydrogen|hydrogen]] atom) of one water [[Molecule|molecule]] forms a weak [[Hydrogen bonds|hydrogen bond]] with the negatively charged region ([[Oxygen|oxygen]] atom) of a second water [[Molecule|molecule]]. <ref name="null">Alberts et. al,2008, Molecular Biology Of the cell, 5th edition, 51</ref>  

The basis of [[Life|life]], [[Humans|humans]] contain around 40 [[Litre|litres]] of water.

Many diseases are associated with water, for example excess water ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperhydration hyperhydration]), not enough water ([[Dehydration|dehydration]]) and many [[Microorganisms|microorganisms]] use water as a form of transport and spread through water, e.g. [[Cholera|Cholera]]. 

For example Tchaikovsky is thought to have died of [[Cholera|cholera]]: On 2 November 1893, he drank a glass of unboiled water. A few hours later, he had diarrhoea and started vomiting. The following day [[Anuria|anuria]] occured. He lost consciousness and died on 6 November . <ref>Acta Med Hist Adriat. 2010;8(1):145-72. The cause of P.I. Tchaikovsky's (1840-1893) death: cholera, suicide, or both? Kornhauser P. Skapinova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.</ref>

=== References: ===

<references />

 <references />

Water

2010-11-24T11:18:49Z

090058978:

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water#Health_and_pollution Water] H2O constitutes of two [[Hydrogen|hydrogen]] atoms and a single [[Oxygen|oxygen]] [[Atom|atom]].The hydrogen atoms are linked to the oxygen atoms by covalent bonds. When water [[Molecule|molecules]] interact with each other, the positively charged region ([[Hydrogen|hydrogen]] atom) of one water [[Molecule|molecule]] forms a weak [[Hydrogen bonds|hydrogen bond]] with the negatively charged region ([[Oxygen|oxygen]] atom) of a second water [[Molecule|molecule]]. <ref>Alberts et. al, Molecular Biology Of the cell, fifth edition, 51</ref>  

The basis of [[Life|life]], [[Humans|humans]] contain around 40 [[Litre|litres]] of water.

Many diseases are associated with water, for example excess water ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperhydration hyperhydration]), not enough water ([[Dehydration|dehydration]]) and many [[Microorganisms|microorganisms]] use water as a form of transport and spread through water, e.g. [[Cholera|Cholera]]. 

For example Tchaikovsky is thought to have died of [[Cholera|cholera]]: On 2 November 1893, he drank a glass of unboiled water. A few hours later, he had diarrhoea and started vomiting. The following day [[Anuria|anuria]] occured. He lost consciousness and died on 6 November . <ref>Acta Med Hist Adriat. 2010;8(1):145-72. The cause of P.I. Tchaikovsky's (1840-1893) death: cholera, suicide, or both? Kornhauser P. Skapinova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.</ref>

=== References: ===

<references />

 <references />

Water

2010-11-24T08:44:28Z

090058978:

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water#Health_and_pollution Water] H2O constitutes of two [[Hydrogen|hydrogen]] atoms and a single [[Oxygen|oxygen]] [[Atom|atom]].The hydrogen atoms are linked to the oxygen atoms by covalent bonds. When water molecules interact with each other, the positively charged region (hydrogen atom) of one water molecule forms a weak [[Hydrogen bonds|hydrogen bond]] with the negatively charged region (oxygen atom) of a second water molecule.   

The basis of life, humans contain around 40 [[Litre|litres]] of it.

Many diseases are associated with water, for example excess water ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperhydration hyperhydration]), not enough water (dehydration) and many microorganisms use water as a form of transport and spread through water, e.g. [[Cholera|Cholera]]. 

For example Tchaikovsky is thought to have died of cholera: On 2 November 1893, he drank a glass of unboiled water. A few hours later, he had diarrhoea and started vomiting. The following day [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anuria anuria] occured. He lost consciousness and died on 6 November <ref>Acta Med Hist Adriat. 2010;8(1):145-72. The cause of P.I. Tchaikovsky's (1840-1893) death: cholera, suicide, or both? Kornhauser P. Skapinova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.</ref>.

=== References: ===

<references />

Water

2010-11-24T08:43:48Z

090058978:

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water#Health_and_pollution Water] H2O constitutes of two [[Hydrogen|hydrogen]] atoms and a single [[Oxygen|oxygen]] [[Atom|atom]].The hydrogen atoms are linked to the oxygen atoms by covalent bonds. When water molecules interact with each other, the positively charged region (hydrogen atom) of one water molecule forms a weak [[Hydrogen_bonds|hydrogen bond]] with the negatively charged region (oxygen atom) of a second water molecule. 

The basis of life, humans contain around 40 [[Litre|litres]] of it.

Many diseases are associated with water, for example excess water ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperhydration hyperhydration]), not enough water (dehydration) and many microorganisms use water as a form of transport and spread through water, e.g. [[Cholera|Cholera]]. 

For example Tchaikovsky is thought to have died of cholera: On 2 November 1893, he drank a glass of unboiled water. A few hours later, he had diarrhoea and started vomiting. The following day [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anuria anuria] occured. He lost consciousness and died on 6 November <ref>Acta Med Hist Adriat. 2010;8(1):145-72. The cause of P.I. Tchaikovsky's (1840-1893) death: cholera, suicide, or both? Kornhauser P. Skapinova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.</ref>.

=== References: ===

<references />

Water

2010-11-24T08:42:19Z

090058978:

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water#Health_and_pollution Water] H2O constitutes of two [[Hydrogen|hydrogen]] atoms and a single [[Oxygen|oxygen]] [[Atom|atom]].The hydrogen atoms are linked to the oxygen atoms by covalent bonds. When water molecules interact with each other, the positively charged region (hydrogen atom) of one water molecule forms a hydrogen bond with the negatively charged region (oxygen atom) of a second water molecule through weak [[Hydrogen_bonds|hydrogen bonds]]. 

The basis of life, humans contain around 40 [[Litre|litres]] of it.

Many diseases are associated with water, for example excess water ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperhydration hyperhydration]), not enough water (dehydration) and many microorganisms use water as a form of transport and spread through water, e.g. [[Cholera|Cholera]]. 

For example Tchaikovsky is thought to have died of cholera: On 2 November 1893, he drank a glass of unboiled water. A few hours later, he had diarrhoea and started vomiting. The following day [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anuria anuria] occured. He lost consciousness and died on 6 November <ref>Acta Med Hist Adriat. 2010;8(1):145-72. The cause of P.I. Tchaikovsky's (1840-1893) death: cholera, suicide, or both? Kornhauser P. Skapinova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.</ref>.

=== References: ===

<references />

Chromatography

2010-11-11T10:58:25Z

090058978:

Chromatography is a very powerful method that can be used for the purification and separation of [[Molecule|molecules]] in the laboratory. For example, without chromatography, and the work of a [[Banting|Banting]], [[Best|Best]] and a biochemist called [[Collip|Collip]] (who perfected the purification), we would have no treatment for [[Type I diabetes|type I diabetes]], that is, [[Insulin|insulin]] would not have been discovered. Without chromatography we wouldn’t be able to sequence [[DNA|DNA]], perform [[PCR|PCR]], and many drugs and biological mechanisms would not have been discovered.

Examples of common chromatography methods include: [[Ion exchange chromatography|ion exchange chromatography]], [[Size exclusion chromatography|size exclusion chromatography]] and affinity binding chromatography

Other examples of chromatography are: [[Two-dimensional chromatography|two-dimensional chromatography]], [[Thin layer chromatography|thin layer chromatography]] ([[Thin layer chromatography|TLC]]), [[Paper chromatography|paper chromatography]].