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Mdm2

2015-10-20T14:09:29Z

130056203:

MDM2 is an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase molecule and “marks” or tags molecules involved in tumour suppressing, such as p53<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4193</ref>. MDM2 controls addition of ubiquitin (a small protein) to the structure of the p53 molecule for recognition by a proteasome for degradation. P53 acts a decision maker controlling the spread of a damaged genome due to transcriptional or translational errors by performing a cell arrest, halting any development of the cell to reduce spread of potentially cancerous cells or alternatively performing apoptosis. This process helps reduce the number of rogue cells mass producing cancer cells early to ensure survival of the organism, however MDM2 inhibits the action and it is well documented that in some cancer patients the level of p53 is very low due to inhibitory action of MDM2 degrading p53<ref>http://omim.org/entry/191170?search=MDM2%20E3%20ubiquitination%20ligase%20protein&amp;amp;highlight=ligase%20proteinaceous%20mdm2%20protein%20e3%20ubiquitination</ref>.

 

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Mdm2

2015-10-20T14:08:48Z

130056203:

MDM2 is an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase molecule and “marks” or tags molecules involved in tumour suppressing, such as p53<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4193</ref>. MDM2 controls addition of ubiquitin (a small protein) to the structure of the p53 molecule for recognition by a proteasome for degradation. P53 acts a decision maker controlling the spread of a damaged genome due to transcriptional or translational errors by performing a cell arrest, halting any development of the cell to reduce spread of potentially cancerous cells or alternatively performing apoptosis. This process helps reduce the number of rogue cells mass producing cancer cells early to ensure survival of the organism, however MDM2 inhibits the action and it is well documented that in some cancer patients the level of p53 is very low due to inhibitory action of MDM2 degrading p53<ref>http://omim.org/entry/191170?search=MDM2%20E3%20ubiquitination%20ligase%20protein&amp;highlight=ligase%20proteinaceous%20mdm2%20protein%20e3%20ubiquitination</ref>.

http://omim.org/entry/191170?search=MDM2%20E3%20ubiquitination%20ligase%20protein&highlight=ligase%20proteinaceous%20mdm2%20protein%20e3%20ubiquitination<references />

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4193 <references />

Mdm2

2015-10-20T14:08:01Z

130056203: Created page with "MDM2 is an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase molecule and “marks” or tags molecules involved in tumour suppressing, such as p53<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4193</ref>. MDM..."

MDM2 is an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase molecule and “marks” or tags molecules involved in tumour suppressing, such as p53<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4193</ref>. MDM2 controls addition of ubiquitin (a small protein) to the structure of the p53 molecule for recognition by a proteasome for degradation. P53 acts a decision maker controlling the spread of a damaged genome due to transcriptional or translational errors by performing a cell arrest, halting any development of the cell to reduce spread of potentially cancerous cells or alternatively performing apoptosis. This process helps reduce the number of rogue cells mass producing cancer cells early to ensure survival of the organism, however MDM2 inhibits the action and it is well documented that in some cancer patients the level of p53 is very low due to inhibitory action of MDM2 degrading p53<ref>http://omim.org/entry/191170?search=MDM2%20E3%20ubiquitination%20ligase%20protein&highlight=ligase%20proteinaceous%20mdm2%20protein%20e3%20ubiquitination</ref>.

Splitting stage

2014-11-28T02:51:02Z

130056203:

The splitting stage is the second phase in the process of <a _fcknotitle="true" href="Glycolysis">Glycolysis</a>. This involves the actual splitting of a molecule of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (a 6 carbon molecule), produced from the <a _fcknotitle="true" href="Investment stage">Investment stage</a> of <a _fcknotitle="true" href="Glycolysis">Glycolysis</a>, to two 3 carbon molecules. These molecules are named glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
This catabolic reaction occurs in the presence of an <a _fcknotitle="true" href="Enzyme">Enzyme</a> or <a _fcknotitle="true" href="Catalyst">Catalyst</a> named <a _fcknotitle="true" href="Aldose">Aldose</a>. {1}
Two interchangeable, 3 carbon molecules are formed which exist in an <a _fcknotitle="true" href="Equilibrium">Equilibrium</a>. The equilibrium lies towards the <a _fcknotitle="true" href="Ketose">Ketose</a> (<a _fcknotitle="true" href="Sugar">Sugar</a> containing a <a _fcknotitle="true" href="Ketone">Ketone</a>), the dihydroxyacetone phosphate, however the equilibrium can readily be shifted to produce the <a _fcknotitle="true" href="Aldose">Aldose</a> (<a _fcknotitle="true" href="Sugar">Sugar</a> containing an <a _fcknotitle="true" href="Aldehyde">Aldehyde</a>), the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. This occurs easily because the <a _fcknotitle="true" href="Aldose">Aldose</a> is actually being used up in the <a _fcknotitle="true" href="Yield stage">Yield stage</a> to eventually generate <a _fcknotitle="true" href="Pyruvate">Pyruvate</a>. {2}
 
{1} [Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryder L. (2002) Biochemistry 5th edn. New York: W H Freeman. Section 16.1]
{2} Available online: (http://www.science.marshall.edu/frost/chapter14.pdf) [Accessed 27/11/14]

Splitting stage

2014-11-28T02:43:34Z

130056203:

{1} [Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryder L. (2002) ''Biochemistry'' 5th edn. New York: W H Freeman. Section 16.1]
{2} Available online: (http://www.science.marshall.edu/frost/chapter14.pdf) [Accessed 27/11/14]

Splitting stage

2014-11-28T02:42:17Z

130056203: Created page with "The splitting stage is the second phase in the process of glycolysis. This involves the actual splitting of a molecule of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (a 6 carbon molecule), pro..."

The splitting stage is the second phase in the process of [[glycolysis]]. This involves the actual splitting of a molecule of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (a 6 carbon molecule), produced from the [[investment stage]] of [[glycolysis]], to two 3 carbon molecules. These molecules are named glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. This catabolic reaction occurs in the presence of a [[catalyst]] named [[aldose]]. {1}
Two interchangeable, 3 carbon molecules are formed which exist in an [[equilibrium]]. The equilibrium lies towards the [[ketose]] ([[sugar]] containing a [[ketone]]), the dihydroxyacetone phosphate, however the equilibrium can readily be shifted to produce the [[aldose]] ([[sugar]] containing an [[aldehyde]]), the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. This occurs easily because the [[aldose]] is actually being used up in the [[yield stage]] to eventually generate [[pyruvate]]. {2}