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Glomerulus

2014-10-17T15:58:35Z

130171366:

The glomerulus is the beginning section of the [[Nephron|nephron]], in the [[Kidney|kidney]], made of a globular [[Capillary|capilliary]] network which is wound in a tight knot structure <ref>Grant's Atlas of Anatomy, Thirteenth Edition, 2001. A.M.R.Agur, A.F.Dalley.</ref>. The glomerulus is surrounded by a cup-like structure made of [[Epithelial cells|epithelial cells]] known as the [[Bowman's capsule|Bowman's Capsule]] and it is the first stage of filtration of the [[Blood|blood]] as it is entering the [[Kidney|kidney<ref>Stevens A; Lowe J Human Histology 3rd ed 2005, Elsevier Limited p298</ref>]]. The space between the capillary network and the capsule is continuous with lumen of the tubular system of the nephron, and is where the filtrate runs through<ref>Stevens A; Lowe J Human Histology 3rd ed 2005, Elsevier Limited p298</ref>. Coating the capillary network are podocytes, as well as an unusually thick basement membrane<ref>Stevens A; Lowe J Human Histology 3rd ed 2005, Elsevier Limited p298</ref>. [[Blood|Blood]] from the afferent arteriole enters the glomerulus and is put under high amounts of [[Blood pressure|pressure]] to force [[Molecules|molecules]] out of the [[Blood|blood]] stream and into the [[Bowman's capsule|Bowman's Capsule]] as the first stage of ultrafiltration. The efferent arteriole has a very narrow [[Lumen|lumen]], in order to maintain the high [[Blood pressure|pressure]] created, enough so that it will force [[Molecules|molecules]] out of the [[Plasma|plasma]] into the Bowman's space. Together, the glomerulus and the [[Bowman's capsule|Bowman's Capsule]] form what is known as the renal corpuscle <ref>Wheater's Functional Histology A Text and Colour Atlas, Fifth Edition 2006. B.Young, J.S.Lowe, A.Stevens, J.W.Heath.</ref>.

 

 <ref name="Image">Jonas Coersmeier, image fckLRAvailable from: http://www.probehead.com/log/fckLRDate accessed:17/10/2014</ref> Image[[Image:Image.jpg|frame|right]] 

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Glomerulus

2014-10-17T15:57:52Z

130171366:

The glomerulus is the beginning section of the [[Nephron|nephron]], in the [[Kidney|kidney]], made of a globular [[Capillary|capilliary]] network which is wound in a tight knot structure <ref>Grant's Atlas of Anatomy, Thirteenth Edition, 2001. A.M.R.Agur, A.F.Dalley.</ref>. The glomerulus is surrounded by a cup-like structure made of [[Epithelial cells|epithelial cells]] known as the [[Bowman's capsule|Bowman's Capsule]] and it is the first stage of filtration of the [[Blood|blood]] as it is entering the [[Kidney|kidney<ref>Stevens A; Lowe J Human Histology 3rd ed 2005, Elsevier Limited p298</ref>]]. The space between the capillary network and the capsule is continuous with lumen of the tubular system of the nephron, and is where the filtrate runs through<ref>Stevens A; Lowe J Human Histology 3rd ed 2005, Elsevier Limited p298</ref>. Coating the capillary network are podocytes, as well as an unusually thick basement membrane<ref>Stevens A; Lowe J Human Histology 3rd ed 2005, Elsevier Limited p298</ref>. [[Blood|Blood]] from the afferent arteriole enters the glomerulus and is put under high amounts of [[Blood pressure|pressure]] to force [[Molecules|molecules]] out of the [[Blood|blood]] stream and into the [[Bowman's capsule|Bowman's Capsule]] as the first stage of ultrafiltration. The efferent arteriole has a very narrow [[Lumen|lumen]], in order to maintain the high [[Blood pressure|pressure]] created, enough so that it will force [[Molecules|molecules]] out of the [[Plasma|plasma]] into the Bowman's space. Together, the glomerulus and the [[Bowman's capsule|Bowman's Capsule]] form what is known as the renal corpuscle <ref>Wheater's Functional Histology A Text and Colour Atlas, Fifth Edition 2006. B.Young, J.S.Lowe, A.Stevens, J.W.Heath.</ref>.

 <ref name="Image">Jonas Coersmeier, image
Available from: http://www.probehead.com/log/
Date accessed:17/10/2014</ref>[[Image:Image.jpg|frame|right|Glomerulus seen with Scanning Electron Microscopy]] 

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Programmed cell death

2013-11-21T18:50:45Z

130171366:

Also known as [[Apoptosis|apoptosis.]]

[[Apoptosis|Apoptosis]] Programmed cell death is the process by which the body removes unwanted cells. It happens to a large extent in development, for example programmed cell death occurs between your fingers during development so that your fingers are separate, if this does not occur it results in syndactyly which is where your fingers are still joined together.

 Programmed cell death occurs by the cell receiving a specific signal, shrinking and condensing as the [[Cytoskeleton|cytoskeleton]] collapses the nuclear envelope is degraded along with the DNA. The cell then forms apoptotic bleds which are vesicles containing parts of the cell. These are then engulfed by [[Macrophage|macrophages]] and digested. This is not to be confused with cell [[Necrosis|necrosis]] which is accidental cell death. 

reference; 

Alberts, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts, Walter. (2008). Molecular biology of the cell (5th ed.). new york: garland science. page 1115- 1129

Programmed cell death

2013-11-21T18:42:30Z

130171366: programmed cell death is the controlled death of a cell

also known as apoptosis.

programmed cell death is the process by which the body removes unwanted cells. It happens to a large extent in development, for example programmed cell death occurs between your fingers during development so that your fingers are seperate, if this does not occur it results in syndactyly which is where your fingers are still joinned together. 

programmed cell death occurs by the cell recieving a specific signal, shrinking and consensing as the cytoskelleton collapses the nuclear enovolope is degraded along with the DNA. The cell then forms apoptotic bleds which are vesicles containing parts of the cell. These are then engulfed by macrophages and digested.

This is not to be confused with cell necrosis which is accidental cell death. 

 

reference; 

Alberts, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts, Walter. (2008). Molecular biology of the cell (5th ed.). new york: garland science. page 1115- 1129