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Endogenous

2017-10-19T02:56:10Z

140672181: Created page with " endogenous"

 endogenous

Agonist

2017-10-19T02:55:51Z

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An agonist is a ligand ([[Molecule|molecules]] that bind other molecules) that can be a drug or an [[endogenous|endogenous ]]molecule that bind to a receptor and elicit a cellular response, usually a [[Signalling|signalling pathway]]. An example of an endogenous molecule that would be an agonist could be a [[Neurotransmitter|neurotransmitter]] or a [[Hormone|hormone]], such as [[Estradiol|estradiol]] <ref>Berg et al., (2006) Biochemistry, 6th edition, New York, Pg 910</ref> .

Another example of an agonist is [[Nicotine|nicotine]]. Nicotine is a natural compound and is the chemical that is found in tobacco. [[nicotine|Nicotine]] acts as an [[Antagonist|antagonist]] by binding to the same receptor as the main excitatory neurotransmitter [[Acetylcholine|acetylcholine]] and mimics the action of this [[Neurotransmitter|neurotransmitter]], therefore eliciting a cellular response <ref>Silverthorn et al., (2009) Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach, 5th Edition, San Francisco, Pg 41</ref>.

Partial agonist is a compound that binds to a receptor producing an incomplete response, therefore it is considered to be less [[Potent|potent]].

The opposite of an agonist is an [[Antagonist|antagonist]]. 

=== References ===

<references />

Agonist

2017-10-19T02:54:57Z

140672181:

An agonist is a ligand ([[Molecule|molecules]] that bind other molecules) that can be a drug or an endogenous molecule that bind to a receptor and elicit a cellular response, usually a [[Signalling|signalling pathway]]. An example of an endogenous molecule that would be an agonist could be a [[Neurotransmitter|neurotransmitter]] or a [[Hormone|hormone]], such as [[Estradiol|estradiol]] <ref>Berg et al., (2006) Biochemistry, 6th edition, New York, Pg 910</ref> .

Another example of an agonist is [[Nicotine|nicotine]]. Nicotine is a natural compound and is the chemical that is found in tobacco. [[Nicotine|Nicotine ]]acts as an [[Antagonist|antagonist]] by binding to the same receptor as the main excitatory neurotransmitter [[Acetylcholine|acetylcholine]] and mimics the action of this [[Neurotransmitter|neurotransmitter]], therefore eliciting a cellular response <ref>Silverthorn et al., (2009) Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach, 5th Edition, San Francisco, Pg 41</ref>.

Partial agonist is a compound that binds to a receptor producing an incomplete response, therefore it is considered to be less [[Potent|potent]].

The opposite of an agonist is an [[Antagonist|antagonist]]. 

=== References ===

<references />

2D gel electrophoresis

2017-10-18T16:27:14Z

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It is a powerful method of separating [[Protein|protein]] along a tubular gel using [[Isoelectric focusing|iso-electric focusing]] and [[SDS polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis|sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel]]. The sample undergoes [[Isoelectric focusing|iso-electric focusing]] first; an electrical current is passed through a gel with a [[PH gradient|pH gradient]], and the proteins stop moving when they reach the pH at which they have no net charge - this is known as the [[Isoelectric point|Iso-electric point]] (pI). The sample is then placed horizontally on top of [[SDS-PAGE|SDS-PAGE]] and spreads across. The sample then moves vertically down again to yield the second dimension based on the size of the protein, producing a 2D pattern. So the sample has been separated by virtue of [[Isoelectric point|Iso-electric point]] (pI)<ref>berg , j. Toya, W. 1995. biochemistry, 7 edition, new york</ref>, when they move horizontally and by virtue of their size; when they move down vertically. 

Because of the specificity of this method, it is possible to identify over one thousand proteins on the same gel, in one experiment <ref>Stryer, Lubert; Tymoczko, John L.; Berg, Jeremy M., (2012) Biochemistry, 7th Edition, New York: WH Freeman and Co. Page 74</ref>.                                                                        

The concentration of isolated proteins can be determined by measuring the intensity of the spots on the gelhh. Comparing this to other cells can show differences due to differing physiological conditions <ref>Two- dimensional electrophoresis: (Page 76) Berg J, Tymoczko J, Stryer L. Biochemistry. Seventh Edition. New York: W.H. Freeman; 2012.</ref>.

This method can be used to separate DNA fragments because the phosphate backbone of DNA has a negative charge<ref>et al yaoguai</ref>. The distance a DNA fragment travels isinversely proportional to the log of its molecular weight.

=== Reference ===

<references />

Signalling

2017-10-18T16:14:00Z

140672181: Created page with " uedwfhof"

 uedwfhof

Agonist

2017-10-18T16:13:25Z

140672181:

An agonist is a ligand ([[Molecule|molecules]] that bind other molecules) that can be a drug or an endogenous molecule that bind to a receptor and elicit a cellular response, usually a [[signalling|signalling ]]pathway. An example of an endogenous molecule that would be an agonist could be a [[Neurotransmitter|neurotransmitter]] or a [[Hormone|hormone]], such as [[Estradiol|estradiol]] <ref>Berg et al., (2006) Biochemistry, 6th edition, New York, Pg 910</ref> .

Another example of an agonist is [[Nicotine|nicotine]]. Nicotine is a natural compound and is the chemical that is found in tobacco. Nicotine acts as an [[Antagonist|antagonist]] by binding to the same receptor as the main excitatory neurotransmitter [[Acetylcholine|acetylcholine]] and mimics the action of this [[Neurotransmitter|neurotransmitter]], therefore eliciting a cellular response <ref>Silverthorn et al., (2009) Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach, 5th Edition, San Francisco, Pg 41</ref>.

Partial agonist is a compound that binds to a receptor producing an incomplete response, therefore it is considered to be less [[Potent|potent]].

The opposite of an agonist is an [[Antagonist|antagonist]]. 

References

<references />

Agonist

2017-10-17T14:53:13Z

140672181:

An agonist is a ligand ([[Molecule|molecules]] that bind other molecules) that can be a drug or an endogenous molecule that bind to a receptor and elicit a cellular response, usually a signalling pathway. An example of an endogenous molecule that would be an agonist could be a [[Neurotransmitter|neurotransmitter]] or a [[Hormone|hormone]], such as [[Estradiol|estradiol]] <ref>Berg et al., (2006) Biochemistry, 6th edition, New York, Pg 910</ref> .

Another example of an agonist is [[Nicotine|nicotine]]. Nicotine is a natural compound and is the chemical that is found in tobacco. Nicotine acts as an [[Antagonist|antagonist]] by binding to the same receptor as the main excitatory neurotransmitter [[Acetylcholine|acetylcholine]] and mimics the action of this neurotransmitter, therefore eliciting a cellular response <ref>Silverthorn et al., (2009) Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach, 5th Edition, San Francisco, Pg 41</ref>.

Partial agonist is a compound that binds to a receptor producing an incomplete response, therefore it is considered to be less [[potent|potent]].

The opposite of an agonist is an [[Antagonist|antagonist]]. 

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=== References ===

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