The School of Biomedical Sciences Wiki - User contributions [en]

Postsynaptic neurone

2017-10-23T08:52:04Z

160386374: Created page with "A postsynaptic neurone is a neurone that is located at the end of a synaptic cleft, it is the neurone in which [[Synaptic_transmission|synaptic tra..."

A postsynaptic neurone is a [[Neurone|neurone ]]that is located at the end of a [[Synaptic_cleft|synaptic cleft]], it is the neurone in which [[Synaptic_transmission|synaptic transmission]] from the [[presynaptic neurone|presynaptic neurone]] will create an [[Action_potential|action potential]] if the [[Threshold_potential|threshold potential]] of the postsynaptic neurone is reached or exceeded. The postsynaptic neurone then carries this action potential to the next neurone or to an [[effector organ|effector organ]] or [[effector gland|gland]].

Host cell

2017-10-23T08:43:57Z

160386374: Created page with " A host cell is any cell - such as a bacterium or stem cell to name a few - that is genetically altered in some way for the sake of research, comm..."

 A host cell is any cell - such as a [[Bacteria|bacterium]] or [[Stem_cell|stem cell]] to name a few - that is genetically altered in some way for the sake of research, commercial or industrial protein production, gene therapy, etc. The cell may be altered using a number of techniques, such as [[Crispr|CRISPR]] or [[Transformation|transformation]].

Synaptic transmission

2017-10-20T14:30:49Z

160386374: grammatical corrections and added links

Electrical transmission occurs when an [[Action_potential|action potential ]]reaches an [[Axon|axon]] terminal, this depolarises the [[Pre synaptic membrane|presynaptic membrane]]. Voltage gated Ca2+ channels on the[[Presynaptic_membrane|presynaptic membrane]] open in response to this [[Depolarisation|depolarisation]]. Ca2+ enters the axon terminal down a[[Concentration_Gradient|concentration gradient]] through these open channels. This causes the [[Vesicles|vesicles]] containing the neurotransmitter [[Acetylcholine|acetylcholine ]]to migrate towards the [[Presynaptic_membrane|presynaptic membrane]]. These vesicles fuse with the [[Presynaptic_membrane|presynaptic membrane]], and [[Acetylcholine|acetylcholine]] molecules are released into the [[Synaptic_cleft|synaptic cleft]] by the process of [[Exocytosis|exocytosis]]. [[Acetylcholine|Acetylcholine]] molecules diffuse across the [[Synaptic_cleft|synaptic cleft]] and bind to receptors on the [[Postsynaptic_membrane|postsynaptic membrane]]. The binding of [[Acetylcholine|acetylcholine]] causes ligand gated Na+ channels to open and subsequently Na+ rushes into the[[Postsynaptic_membrane|postsynaptic membrane]], depolarising it to the [[Threshold_potential|threshold potential]], therefore setting off an [[Action potential|action potential]] in the [[postsynaptic neurone|postsynaptic neurone]].   

 

[[Image:Synapse.jpg]] <ref>Antranik (2012) Synaptic Transmission by Somatic Motorneurons, [Online], Available: http://antranik.org/synaptic-transmission-by-somatic-motorneurons/ accessed [27 Nov 2013].</ref> 

=== References ===

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Beta decay

2016-12-04T16:13:55Z

160386374:

There are two types of beta decay: beta plus decay and beta minus decay. Only beta minus decay, however, occurs naturally<ref name="[1]">Breithaupt J. AQA physics A A2: student's book. UK: Nelson Thornes. 2008.</ref>. 

Beta minus decay occurs in unstable [[Nuclei|nuclei]] with too many [[Neutrons|neutrons]]. One of the neutrons becomes a [[Proton|proton]] in a process that involves the release of a [[Β particle|β- particle]] (a high energy [[Electron transport chain|electron]]) and an [[Antineutrino|antineutrino]]. The result is the nuclei of a different [[Element|element]]. This element is located one box to the right of the original element on the [[Periodic table|periodic table]] <ref name="[1]">Breithaupt J. AQA physics A A2: student's book. UK: Nelson Thornes. 2008.</ref>. 

Beta plus decay occurs in unstable nuclei with too many protons. One proton becomes a neutron with the release of a β+ particle (a [[Positron|positron]]) and a [[Neutrino|neutrino]]. The result of this decay is the nuclei of a different element, which is located one box to the left of the original element on the periodic table<ref name="[1]">Breithaupt J. AQA physics A A2: student's book. UK: Nelson Thornes. 2008.</ref>.

 

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Beta decay

2016-12-03T14:00:50Z

160386374:

There are two types of beta decay: beta plus decay and beta minus decay. Only beta minus decay, however, occurs naturallyBreithaupt J. AQA physics A A2: student’s book. UK: Nelson Thornes. 2008.. 
Beta minus decay occurs in unstable <a href="Nuclei">nuclei</a> with too many <a href="Neutrons">neutrons</a>. One of the neutrons becomes a <a href="Proton">proton</a> in a process that involves the release of a <a href="Β particle">β- particle</a> (a high energy <a href="Electron transport chain">electron</a>) and an <a href="Antineutrino">antineutrino</a>. The result is the nuclei of a different <a href="Element">element</a>. This element is located one box to the right of the original element on the <a href="Periodic table">periodic table</a> . 
Beta plus decay occurs in unstable nuclei with too many protons. One proton becomes a neutron with the release of a β+ particle (a <a href="Positron">positron</a>) and a <a href="Neutrino">neutrino</a>. The result of this decay is the nuclei of a different element, which is located one box to the left of the original element on the periodic table.

Alpha particle

2016-12-03T13:50:38Z

160386374:

An alpha particle is essentially a <a href="Helium">helium</a> <a href="Nucleus">nucleus</a>; two <a href="Protons">protons</a> and two <a href="Neutrons">neutrons</a> held together by <a href="Strong nuclear force">strong nuclear forces</a>. Alpha particles are emitted when large unstable <a href="Nuclei">nuclei</a> undergo alpha decay to become smaller and more stable. <a href="Alpha radiation">Alpha radiation</a> is highly ionising, although the radiation can not pass through the barrier of skin, so inhalation or consumption of the <a href="Radioactive">radioactive</a> source are the main causes of harm from alpha particle emission<ref name="[1]">Breithaupt J. AQA physics A A2: student’s book. UK: Nelson Thornes. 2008.</ref>.

 

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Alpha particle

2016-12-03T13:47:35Z

160386374:

An alpha particle is essentially a <a href="Helium">helium</a> <a href="Nucleus">nucleus</a>; two <a href="Protons">protons</a> and two <a href="Neutrons">neutrons</a> held together by <a href="Strong nuclear force">strong nuclear forces</a>. Alpha particles are emitted when large unstable <a href="Nuclei">nuclei</a> undergo alpha decay to become smaller and more stable. <a href="Alpha radiation">Alpha radiation</a> is highly ionising, although the radiation can not pass through the barrier of skin, so inhalation or consumption of the <a href="Radioactive">radioactive</a> source are the main causes of harm from alpha particle emissionBreithaupt J. AQA physics A A2: student’s book. UK: Nelson Thornes. 2008..

Beta decay

2016-12-02T22:35:38Z

160386374: Created page with "There are two types of beta decay: beta plus decay and beta minus decay. Only beta minus decay, however, occurs naturally. Beta minus decay occurs in unstable nuclei with to..."

There are two types of beta decay: beta plus decay and beta minus decay. Only beta minus decay, however, occurs naturally. 

Beta minus decay occurs in unstable nuclei with too many neutrons. One of the neutrons becomes a proton in a process that involves the release of a β- particle (a high energy electron) and an antineutrino. The result is the nuclei of a different element. This element is located one box to the right of the original element on the periodic table. 

Beta plus decay occurs in unstable nuclei with too many protons. One proton becomes a neutron with the release of a β+ particle (a positron) and a neutrino. The result of this decay is the nuclei of a different element, which is located one box to the left of the original element on the periodic table.

Alpha particle

2016-12-02T22:19:27Z

160386374: Created page with " An alpha particle is essentially a helium nucleus; two protons and two neutrons held together by strong nuclear forces. Alpha particles are emitted when large unstable nucl..."

 An alpha particle is essentially a helium nucleus; two protons and two neutrons held together by strong nuclear forces. Alpha particles are emitted when large unstable nuclei undergo alpha decay to become smaller and more stable. Alpha radiation is highly ionising, although the radiation can not pass through the barrier of skin, so inhalation or consumption of the radioactive source are the main causes of harm from alpha particle emission.

Deoxynucleoside triphosphate

2016-12-02T22:10:22Z

160386374: Created page with " A deoxynucleoside triphosphate is a nucleotide containing 3 phosphate groups attached to the 5' carbon of the deoxyribose sugar of the nucleoside. There are four different ..."

A deoxynucleoside triphosphate is a nucleotide containing 3 phosphate groups attached to the 5' carbon of the deoxyribose sugar of the nucleoside. There are four different deoxynucleoside triphosphates; deoxyadenosine-5' triphosphate (dATP), deoxyguanosine-5' triphosphate (dGTP), deoxythymidine-5' triphosphate (dTTP), deoxycytidine-5' triphosphate (dCTP)<ref name="[1]">↑ Hartyl DL, Ruvolo M. Genetics: analysis of genes and genomes. 8th Ed, United States of America: Jones &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Bartlett Learning. 2012. Page 43.</ref>

 

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