The School of Biomedical Sciences Wiki - User contributions [en]

Sodium voltage-gated ion channels

2018-11-02T14:43:52Z

170104937: Minor edit, stated values of resting membrane and threshold potential and slightly reworded some text.

A Sodium voltage-gated ion channel is a type of [[Protein|protein]] found embedded in the [[Plasma membrane|plasma membrane]] of [[Cell|cell]], more specifically, [[Neuron|nerve and ]][[Muscle|muscle]] cells .

=== Role in an Action Potential ===

The voltage gated sodium ion channels are responsible for the influx of [[Sodium electrochemical gradient|sodium]] into a [[Neurone|neurone]] causing [[Depolarisation|depolarisation]] of the [[Membrane|membrane]] and therefore an action potential. [[Voltage gated soium ion channel|Voltage gated soium ion channel]]s have three states:

#closed
#open
#inactive.

Voltage-gated sodium ion channels open when a membrane is depolarised from its resting membrane potential (-70 mV). Depolarisation only occurs when the voltage across the [[Plasma membrane|plasma membrane]] increases above a certain threshold (-55 mV). When the membrane is fully depolarised, and the action potential is at its peak, the channels inactivate themselves by closing the inactivation gate. During inactivation the voltage gated sodium ion channel is unable to be stimulated by depolarisation of the membrane so an action potential cannot be created. When the voltage across the membrane reduces to a low enough value the inactivation gate opens and the activation gate closes so the channel is again able to be stimulated by depolarisation of the membrane.

Saturated hydrocarbon

2017-12-06T12:51:53Z

170104937: Created page on saturated hydrocarbons.

A hydrocarbon is a type of oraganic molecule that consists only of carbon and hydrogen atoms covalently bonded together. A saturated hydrocarbon is one that contains only single carbon carbon bonds (C-C), and no carbon-carbon double bonds (C=C), or Triple bonds (C≡C)<ref>http://www.chem.latech.edu/~deddy/chem121/Alkanes.htm</ref>. The lack of (C=C) bonds means no more hydrogen atoms may be added to the carbon chain, thus the hydrocarbon is saturated<ref>https://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Physical-Science-Concepts-For-Middle-School/section/3.33/</ref>. Saturated hydrocarbons are commonly known as alkanes, with the general formula Cn H2n+2<ref>https://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Physical-Science-Concepts-For-Middle-School/section/3.33/</ref>. Cycloalkanes with the general formula Cn H2n are also saturated hydrocarbons<ref>https://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Physical-Science-Concepts-For-Middle-School/section/3.33/</ref>. If a hydrocarbon contains one or more (C=C) bonds, then it becomes an unsaturated hydrocarbon. Monounsaturated hydrocarbons contain a single (C=C) bond, whereas polyunsaturated hydrocarbons contain more than one (C=C) bond.

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Hadrons

2017-12-05T20:45:57Z

170104937: Just amended a small grammatical error.

A Hadron is type of a non-fundimental particle made up of [[Quarks|quarks]] and held together by the [[Strong nuclear force|strong nuclear force]]. [[Baryons|Baryons]] and [[Mesons|Mesons]] are both types of Hadrons. Baryons consist of three quarks (or 3 antiquarks) where the fractional charges of the 3 quarks combine to make a whole number charge<ref>http://www.particleadventure.org/hadrons.html</ref>. [[Protons|Protons]] and [[Neutrons|Neutrons]] are examples of Baryons. Mesons are formed from a quark and an antiquark.

=== References ===

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Hadrons

2017-12-05T15:15:22Z

170104937:

A Hadron is type of a non-fundimental particle made up of [[Quarks|quarks]] and held together by the [[Strong nuclear force|strong nuclear force]]. [[Baryons|Baryons]] and [[Mesons|Mesons]] are both types Hadrons. Baryons consist of three quarks (or 3 antiquarks) where the fractional charges of the 3 quarks combine to make a whole number charge<ref>http://www.particleadventure.org/hadrons.html</ref>. [[Protons|Protons]] and [[Neutrons|Neutrons]] are examples of Baryons. Mesons are formed from a quark and an antiquark.

=== References ===

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Hadrons

2017-12-05T12:54:17Z

170104937: Created page with " A Hadron is type of a non-fundimental particle made up of quarks and held together by the strong nuclear force. Baryons and Mesons are both types Hadrons. Baryons consist o..."

A Hadron is type of a non-fundimental particle made up of quarks and held together by the strong nuclear force. Baryons and Mesons are both types Hadrons. Baryons consist of three quarks (or 3 antiquarks) where the fractional charges of the 3 quarks combine to make a whole number charge(1)<ref>http://www.particleadventure.org/hadrons.html</ref>. Protons and Neutrons are examples of Baryons. Mesons are formed from a quark and an antiquark.

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