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= <span style="line-height: 1.5em;" />SNARE Proteins<span style="line-height: 1.5em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.5em;" /> =

<span style="line-height: 1.5em;">SNARE proteins (Soluble N-ethymaleimide- sensitive –factor attachment proteins) are [[Transmembrane proteins|transmembrane proteins]] that are involved in the catalysis of membrane fusion events within the cell by bringing [[Vesicles|vesicles]] together [[Cell_membranes|cell membranes]] and [[Organelle|organelle membranes]]<ref>Berg J., Tymoczko J and Stryer L. (2012) Biochemistry, 7th edition, New York: WH Freeman.</ref>. This process allows for efficient transport of substances ( the vesicles' cargo) within vesicles to their correct final location in the cell.</span><span style="line-height: 1.5em;" />

SNAREs are present in organelle membranes and vesicles. There are two types of SNARE protein, v-SNARE ( vesicle SNARE) &nbsp;and t-SNARE (target membrane SNARE). They exist in complementary pairs of a t-SNARE atttched to the membrane of the target organelle and a v-SNARE on the membrane of the vesicle to be released<ref>Alberts B., Johnson A., Lewis J., Raff M., Roberts K., Walter P. (2008) Molecular Biology of The Cell, 5th Edition New York: Garland Science</ref>. The specific v-SNARE on the vesicle recognises the correct t-SNARE and binds to it; in doing so the vesicle is directed to its correct location in the cell. SNARES provide an “extra layer of specificity” to ensure efficient intracellular trafficking.<ref>Alberts B., Johnson A., Lewis J., Raff M., Roberts K., Walter P. (2008) Molecular Biology of The Cell, 5th Edition New York: Garland Science</ref>. This means that a specific v-SNARE will only bind to the specific t-SNARE due to its complementary shape therefore the vesicles are not directed to an incorrect location and the cell is able to use the vesicles' cargo in that specific location.&nbsp;

<br>Once the SNAREs are bound to each other a SNARE complex is formed and the helical domains of the t and v SNAREs wrap around eachother anchoring the vesicle and the [[Plasma membrane|Plasma membrane]]&nbsp;together . The v-SNARE consists of just one protein where as the t-SNARE consists of two or three and it is these proteins which bind together to form the four helix bundle to faclitate&nbsp;[[Exocytosis|Exocytosis]]&nbsp;&nbsp;<ref>Berg J., Tymoczko J and Stryer L. (2012) Biochemistry, 7th edition, New York: WH Freeman.</ref>.<br> 

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