View source for Initiation of DNA Replication

There are three steps that involved in [[DNA|DNA]] replication which are initiation, elongation, and termination. [[DNA|DNA]] replication is initiated from fixed origins which include repeated sequences. Besides, DNA double helix needs to unwind DNA replication in ''[[Escherichia_coli|E.coli]]'' will use some protein and enzyme which help in DNA replication such as DNA gyrase, helices, single-strand DNA binding proteins, and primate. DNA gyrase plays an important role for unwinding supercoils in DNA before started the DNA replication. For initiation of replication, other things that essential are a [[Nucleotide]] sequence that binds to initiation proteins and a [[Primer|primer]] which can be extended with the help of [[DNA polymerase]] by adding [[Nucleotides|nucleotides]]<ref>Mathews et al. 2000. Biochemistry. 3rd Edition. Benjamin Cummings. Pg 909.</ref>. First and foremost, the chromosome of E.coli has the single origin of replication which has 245 bases peers. Most of the base pairs are A/T because there is less hydrogen bond held together between A/T base pair indirectly DNA strands will able to separate easily. 

The initiation of DNA replication will be started by the enzyme helices. Enzyme helicase binds to the DNA sequence which is the origins, thus, it causes the DNA double helix to unwind. When the DNA double helix unwinds, it destroys the hydrogen bond between the complementary nitrogenous bases pair. Then, each DNA separated strand become the template for the using of DNA replication.<ref> Molecular mechanism of DNA replication. Khan Academy. 2018 [cited 24/11/2018]; Available from: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/dna-as-the-genetic-material/dna-replication/a/molecular-mechanism-of-dna-replication</ref>. 

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