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	<id>https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Equilibrium</id>
	<title>Equilibrium - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Equilibrium"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Equilibrium&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-04-12T07:56:25Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Equilibrium&amp;diff=23536&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Nnjm2 at 09:23, 10 December 2018</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Equilibrium&amp;diff=23536&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2018-12-10T09:23:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 09:23, 10 December 2018&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l11&quot;&gt;Line 11:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 11:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;For the reaction: v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;A + v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;B&amp;amp;nbsp;⇌&amp;amp;nbsp;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;C + v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;D, where v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;represent the stoichiometry factors&amp;amp;nbsp;of the form ‘products/reactants’:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;For the reaction: v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;A + v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;B&amp;amp;nbsp;⇌&amp;amp;nbsp;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;C + v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;D, where v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;represent the stoichiometry factors&amp;amp;nbsp;of the form ‘products/reactants’:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;K&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = [C]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;[D]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; / [A]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;[B]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Murphy, B.and Hathaway, C. A working method approach for introductory physical chemistry calculations numerical and graphical problem solving. Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry. 1997&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;K&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = [C]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;[D]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; / [A]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;[B]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Murphy, B. and Hathaway, C. A working method approach for introductory physical chemistry calculations numerical and graphical problem solving. Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry. 1997&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== References  ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== References  ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nnjm2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Equilibrium&amp;diff=23535&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Nnjm2 at 09:23, 10 December 2018</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Equilibrium&amp;diff=23535&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2018-12-10T09:23:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 09:23, 10 December 2018&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l11&quot;&gt;Line 11:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 11:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;For the reaction: v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;A + v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;B&amp;amp;nbsp;⇌&amp;amp;nbsp;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;C + v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;D, where v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;represent the stoichiometry factors&amp;amp;nbsp;of the form ‘products/reactants’:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;For the reaction: v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;A + v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;B&amp;amp;nbsp;⇌&amp;amp;nbsp;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;C + v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;D, where v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;represent the stoichiometry factors&amp;amp;nbsp;of the form ‘products/reactants’:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;K&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = [C]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;[D]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; / [A]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;[B]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Murphy, B. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; &lt;/del&gt;Hathaway, C. A working method approach for introductory physical chemistry calculations numerical and graphical problem solving. Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry. 1997&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;K&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = [C]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;[D]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; / [A]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;[B]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Murphy, B.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and &lt;/ins&gt;Hathaway, C. A working method approach for introductory physical chemistry calculations numerical and graphical problem solving. Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry. 1997&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;References ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== References &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nnjm2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Equilibrium&amp;diff=23534&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Nnjm2 at 09:22, 10 December 2018</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Equilibrium&amp;diff=23534&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2018-12-10T09:22:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 09:22, 10 December 2018&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;Equilibrium&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;/del&gt;(⇌)&amp;amp;nbsp;is achieved when the concentration of the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;forward rate&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;/del&gt;of reaction and the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;reverse rate&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;/del&gt;of reaction are &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;equal&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Equilibrium (⇌)&amp;amp;nbsp;is achieved when the concentration of the forward rate of reaction and the reverse rate of reaction are equal.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It does not mean that the reaction stops when the equilibrium is achieved. In contrast, the reaction is continued and the rate of the products being formed is equal to the rate of the reactants being converted back.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It does not mean that the reaction stops when the equilibrium is achieved. In contrast, the reaction is continued and the rate of the products being formed is equal to the rate of the reactants being converted back.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l7&quot;&gt;Line 7:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 7:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;K&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = [C][D] / [A][B]  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;K&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = [C][D] / [A][B]  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;K&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; - the equilibrium constant&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;, a characteristic of a given reaction.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;K&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; - the equilibrium constant, a characteristic of a given reaction.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;For the reaction: v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;A + v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;B&amp;amp;nbsp;⇌&amp;amp;nbsp;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;C + v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;D, where v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;represent the stoichiometry factors&amp;amp;nbsp;of the form ‘products/reactants’:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;For the reaction: v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;A + v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;B&amp;amp;nbsp;⇌&amp;amp;nbsp;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;C + v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;D, where v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;represent the stoichiometry factors&amp;amp;nbsp;of the form ‘products/reactants’:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;K&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = [C]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;[D]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; / [A]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;[B]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Murphy, B. &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Hathaway, C. A working method approach for introductory physical chemistry calculations numerical and graphical problem solving. Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry. 1997&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;K&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = [C]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;[D]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; / [A]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;[B]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Murphy, B. &amp;amp;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;amp;&lt;/ins&gt;amp;amp;amp;amp; Hathaway, C. A working method approach for introductory physical chemistry calculations numerical and graphical problem solving. Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry. 1997&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;=== &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;References ===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;references /&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nnjm2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Equilibrium&amp;diff=23451&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>180326813 at 23:51, 9 December 2018</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Equilibrium&amp;diff=23451&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2018-12-09T23:51:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 23:51, 9 December 2018&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l11&quot;&gt;Line 11:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 11:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;For the reaction: v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;A + v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;B&amp;amp;nbsp;⇌&amp;amp;nbsp;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;C + v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;D, where v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;represent the stoichiometry factors&amp;amp;nbsp;of the form ‘products/reactants’:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;For the reaction: v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;A + v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;B&amp;amp;nbsp;⇌&amp;amp;nbsp;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;C + v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;D, where v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;represent the stoichiometry factors&amp;amp;nbsp;of the form ‘products/reactants’:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;K&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = [C]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;[D]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; / [A]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;[B]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Murphy, B. &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Hathaway, C. A working method approach for introductory physical chemistry calculations numerical and graphical problem solving. Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry. 1997&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;K&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = [C]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;[D]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; / [A]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;[B]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Murphy, B. &amp;amp;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;amp;&lt;/ins&gt;amp;amp;amp; Hathaway, C. A working method approach for introductory physical chemistry calculations numerical and graphical problem solving. Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry. 1997&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>180326813</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Equilibrium&amp;diff=23450&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>180326813 at 23:50, 9 December 2018</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Equilibrium&amp;diff=23450&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2018-12-09T23:50:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 23:50, 9 December 2018&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l9&quot;&gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;K&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; - the equilibrium constant&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, a characteristic of a given reaction.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;K&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; - the equilibrium constant&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, a characteristic of a given reaction.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;In general, for &lt;/del&gt;the reaction: v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;A + v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;B&amp;amp;nbsp;⇌&amp;amp;nbsp;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;C + v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;D, where v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;represent the stoichiometry factors&amp;amp;nbsp;of the form ‘products/reactants’:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;For &lt;/ins&gt;the reaction: v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;A + v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;B&amp;amp;nbsp;⇌&amp;amp;nbsp;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;C + v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;D, where v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;represent the stoichiometry factors&amp;amp;nbsp;of the form ‘products/reactants’:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;K&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = [C]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;[D]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; / [A]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;[B]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Murphy, B. &amp;amp;amp;amp; Hathaway, C. A working method approach for introductory physical chemistry calculations numerical and graphical problem solving. Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry. 1997&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;K&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = [C]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;[D]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; / [A]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;[B]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Murphy, B. &amp;amp;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;amp;&lt;/ins&gt;amp;amp; Hathaway, C. A working method approach for introductory physical chemistry calculations numerical and graphical problem solving. Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry. 1997&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>180326813</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Equilibrium&amp;diff=23449&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>180326813 at 23:48, 9 December 2018</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Equilibrium&amp;diff=23449&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2018-12-09T23:48:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 23:48, 9 December 2018&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Equilibrium (⇌)&amp;amp;nbsp;is achieved when the concentration of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;thr &lt;/del&gt;forward rate of reaction and the reverse rate of reaction are equal.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;/del&gt;It does not mean that the reaction stops when the equilibrium is achieved. In contrast, the reaction is continued and the rate of the products being formed is equal to the rate of the reactants being converted back.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;Equilibrium&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;/ins&gt;(⇌)&amp;amp;nbsp;is achieved when the concentration of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;forward rate&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;/ins&gt;of reaction and the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;reverse rate&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;/ins&gt;of reaction are &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;equal&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It does not mean that the reaction stops when the equilibrium is achieved. In contrast, the reaction is continued and the rate of the products being formed is equal to the rate of the reactants being converted back.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;For example, for the reaction, A + B ⇌&amp;amp;nbsp;C + D, at equilibrium: &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;K&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = [C][D] / [A][B] &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;K&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; - the equilibrium constant&#039;&#039;&#039;, a characteristic of a given reaction. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;In general, for the reaction: v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;A + v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;B&amp;amp;nbsp;⇌&amp;amp;nbsp;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;C + v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;D, where v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;represent the stoichiometry factors&amp;amp;nbsp;of the form ‘products/reactants’: &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;K&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = [C]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;[D]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;d&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; / [A]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;[B]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Murphy, B. &amp;amp;amp;amp; Hathaway, C. A working method approach for introductory physical chemistry calculations numerical and graphical problem solving. Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry. 1997&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>180326813</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Equilibrium&amp;diff=20225&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>170263289 at 02:12, 6 December 2017</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Equilibrium&amp;diff=20225&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2017-12-06T02:12:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 02:12, 6 December 2017&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Equilibrium (⇌)&amp;amp;nbsp;is achieved when the forward rate of reaction and the reverse rate of reaction are equal.&amp;amp;nbsp;It does not mean that the reaction stops when the equilibrium is achieved. In contrast, the reaction is continued and the rate of the products being formed is equal to the rate of the reactants being converted back.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Equilibrium (⇌)&amp;amp;nbsp;is achieved when the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;concentration of thr &lt;/ins&gt;forward rate of reaction and the reverse rate of reaction are equal.&amp;amp;nbsp;It does not mean that the reaction stops when the equilibrium is achieved. In contrast, the reaction is continued and the rate of the products being formed is equal to the rate of the reactants being converted back.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>170263289</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Equilibrium&amp;diff=9743&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Nnjm2 at 10:11, 23 November 2013</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Equilibrium&amp;diff=9743&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2013-11-23T10:11:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:11, 23 November 2013&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;/del&gt;Equilibrium&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;/del&gt;(⇌)&amp;amp;nbsp;is achieved when the forward rate of reaction and the reverse rate of reaction are equal.&amp;amp;nbsp;It does not mean that the reaction stops when the equilibrium is achieved. In contrast, the reaction is continued and the rate of the products being formed is equal to the rate of the reactants being converted back.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Equilibrium (⇌)&amp;amp;nbsp;is achieved when the forward rate of reaction and the reverse rate of reaction are equal.&amp;amp;nbsp;It does not mean that the reaction stops when the equilibrium is achieved. In contrast, the reaction is continued and the rate of the products being formed is equal to the rate of the reactants being converted back.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nnjm2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Equilibrium&amp;diff=9740&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>140001691 at 09:57, 23 November 2013</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Equilibrium&amp;diff=9740&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2013-11-23T09:57:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 09:57, 23 November 2013&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;amp;nbsp;Equilibrium&#039;&#039;&#039; (⇌)&amp;amp;nbsp;is achieved when the forward rate of reaction and the reverse rate of reaction are equal.&amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;amp;nbsp;Equilibrium&#039;&#039;&#039; (⇌)&amp;amp;nbsp;is achieved when the forward rate of reaction and the reverse rate of reaction are equal.&amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;It does not mean that the reaction stops when the equilibrium is achieved. In contrast, the reaction is continued and the rate of the products being formed is equal to the rate of the reactants being converted back.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>140001691</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Equilibrium&amp;diff=5375&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>100682218: Created page with &quot;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;nbsp;Equilibrium&#039;&#039;&#039; (⇌)&amp;nbsp;is achieved when the forward rate of reaction and the reverse rate of reaction are equal.&amp;nbsp;&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Equilibrium&amp;diff=5375&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2011-12-02T10:26:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; Equilibrium&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (⇌) is achieved when the forward rate of reaction and the reverse rate of reaction are equal. &amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;amp;nbsp;Equilibrium&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (⇌)&amp;amp;nbsp;is achieved when the forward rate of reaction and the reverse rate of reaction are equal.&amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>100682218</name></author>
	</entry>
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