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	<id>https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Nucleophile</id>
	<title>Nucleophile - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Nucleophile"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Nucleophile&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-04-18T13:39:58Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.44.0</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Nucleophile&amp;diff=7437&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Nnjm2 at 19:23, 26 November 2012</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Nucleophile&amp;diff=7437&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2012-11-26T19:23:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 19:23, 26 November 2012&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A nucleophile is a species which reacts by donating a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. They can be identified as having a lone pair of electrons in thier outer atomic subshell which allows them to complete addition and sustitution reaction with the positive end of polar molecules.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A nucleophile is a species which reacts by donating a pair of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;electrons&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|electrons]] &lt;/ins&gt;to form a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[covalent bond|&lt;/ins&gt;covalent bond&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/ins&gt;. They can be identified as having a lone pair of electrons in thier outer atomic subshell which allows them to complete addition and sustitution reaction with the positive end of polar molecules.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nucleophiles can be classified according to their overall charge. Neutral nucleophiles include ammonia (NH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;), water (H&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/del&gt;) and carbon monoxide (CO). Negative nucleophiles include hydroxyl ions (OH&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;), chloride ions (Cl&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;) and cyanide ions (CN&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nucleophiles can be classified according to their overall charge. Neutral nucleophiles include &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;ammonia&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|ammonia]] &lt;/ins&gt;(NH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;), &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;water&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|water]] &lt;/ins&gt;(H&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;O&lt;/ins&gt;) and &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[carbon monoxide|&lt;/ins&gt;carbon monoxide&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;(CO). Negative nucleophiles include &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Hydroxyl_group|&lt;/ins&gt;hydroxyl ions&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;(OH&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;), &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;chloride&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|chloride]] &lt;/ins&gt;ions (Cl&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;) and &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[cyanide|&lt;/ins&gt;cyanide&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;ions (CN&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nnjm2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Nucleophile&amp;diff=7412&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>120237311 at 15:13, 26 November 2012</title>
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		<updated>2012-11-26T15:13:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 15:13, 26 November 2012&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A nucleophile is a species which reacts by donating a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. They can be identified as having a lone pair of electrons in thier outer atomic subshell which allows them to complete addition and sustitution reaction with the positive end of polar molecules.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A nucleophile is a species which reacts by donating a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. They can be identified as having a lone pair of electrons in thier outer atomic subshell which allows them to complete addition and sustitution reaction with the positive end of polar molecules.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nucleophiles can be classified &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;accoring &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;thier &lt;/del&gt;overall charge. Neutral nucleophiles include ammonia (NH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;), water (H&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;0) and carbon monoxide (CO). Negative nucleophiles include hydroxyl ions (OH&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;), chloride ions (Cl&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;) and cyanide ions (CN&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nucleophiles can be classified &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;according &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;their &lt;/ins&gt;overall charge. Neutral nucleophiles include ammonia (NH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;), water (H&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;0) and carbon monoxide (CO). Negative nucleophiles include hydroxyl ions (OH&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;), chloride ions (Cl&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;) and cyanide ions (CN&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>120237311</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Nucleophile&amp;diff=7411&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>120237311: Created page with &quot;A nucleophile is a species which reacts by donating a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. They can be identified as having a lone pair of electrons in thier outer atomic s...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki//index.php?title=Nucleophile&amp;diff=7411&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2012-11-26T15:11:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;A nucleophile is a species which reacts by donating a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. They can be identified as having a lone pair of electrons in thier outer atomic s...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;A nucleophile is a species which reacts by donating a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. They can be identified as having a lone pair of electrons in thier outer atomic subshell which allows them to complete addition and sustitution reaction with the positive end of polar molecules.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nucleophiles can be classified accoring to thier overall charge. Neutral nucleophiles include ammonia (NH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;), water (H&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;0) and carbon monoxide (CO). Negative nucleophiles include hydroxyl ions (OH&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;), chloride ions (Cl&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;) and cyanide ions (CN&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;).&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>120237311</name></author>
	</entry>
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