170082336: Created page with "The sodium glucose linked transporters (SGLTs) are responsible for transporting glucose along cell membranes by using the [[Electrochemic..."

2017-11-23T22:58:51Z

Created page with "The sodium glucose linked transporters (SGLTs) are responsible for transporting glucose along cell membranes by using the [[Electrochemic..."

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The [[Sodium|sodium]] [[Glucose|glucose]] linked transporters (SGLTs) are responsible for transporting glucose along [[Cell membrane|cell membranes]] by using the [[Electrochemical gradient|electrical gradient]] of Na+. There are six variants of the SGLT proteins that are encoded on the [[SLC5 gene|SLC5 gene]]. All of these proteins are [[Transmembrane protein|transmembrane proteins]] (spans the whole of the phospholipid bilayer) all with 14 [[Alpha-helix|alpha helices]]. The functions of the SGLT1, SGLT2 and SGLT3 are known, however the functions of SGLT4, SGLT5 and SGLT6 are still unknown<ref>Harada N, Inagaki N. Role of sodium-glucose transporters in glucose uptake of the intestine and kidney. Journal of Diabetes Investigation 2012; 352-353</ref>.

=== SGLT1 ===

The SGLT1 protein is expressed in the membrane of the [[Intestine|intestine]] and the [[Kidney|kidneys]]. SGLT1 that is located in the [[Proximal renal tubules|proximal renal tubules]], absorbs glucose along with two Na+ ions<ref>Harada N, Inagaki N. Role of sodium-glucose transporters in glucose uptake of the intestine and kidney. Journal of Diabetes Investigation 2012; 352-353</ref>.  For this example the Na+ concentration gradient is produced by the [[Sodium-potassium pump|Na+/K+ ATPase]]. When the glucose in in the [[Epithelial cell|epithelial cells]], it is then transported out of the cell through [[Facilitated diffusion|facilitated diffusion]] by the [[GLUT2|GLUT2 protein]]<ref>Ward C. Glucose Transport. 2015 [cited 23/11/17]; fckLRAvalible from: https://doi.org/10.14496/dia.5104085195.33</ref>.

=== SGLT2 ===

The SGLT2 protein is expressed in the membrane of the [[Kidney|kidneys]]<ref>Harada N, Inagaki N. Role of sodium-glucose transporters in glucose uptake of the intestine and kidney. Journal of Diabetes Investigation 2012; 352-353</ref>. This protein can also transport [[Galactose|galactose]] but not as rapidly as glucose. This transporter has a lower [[Affinity|affinity]] to glucose in comparison the SGLT1<ref>Ward C. Glucose Transport. 2015 [cited 23/11/17]; fckLRAvalible from: https://doi.org/10.14496/dia.5104085195.33</ref>.

=== SGLT3 ===

This protein is mainly expressed in [[Skeletal Muscle|skeletal muscle]] and the [[Small intestine|small intestine]]. It is believed that this protein is a glucose sensor in mainly [[Cholinergic neurones|cholinergic neurones]] and skeletal muscle as it is unable to transport glucose regardless of the presence of Na+<ref>Ward C. Glucose Transport. 2015 [cited 23/11/17]; fckLRAvalible from: https://doi.org/10.14496/dia.5104085195.33</ref>.

=== References ===

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Sodium Glucose Linked Transporter (SGLT) - Revision history

170082336: Created page with "The sodium glucose linked transporters (SGLTs) are responsible for transporting glucose along cell membranes by using the [[Electrochemic..."