Stereoisomer - Revision history

Nnjm2 at 19:34, 27 November 2018

2018-11-27T19:34:13Z

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	=== Diastereoisomers ===		=== Diastereoisomers ===

	Molecules that have multiple asymmetric carbons are called [[Diastereoisomers\|diastereoisomers]]. These are not mirror images of each other. A common example is a [[Monosaccharide\|monosaccharide]] that has a carbon chain of three or more, such as [[Glucose\|glucose]]. The number of possible stereoisomers is equal to 2<sup>n</sup>, where n is the number of asymmetric carbons in the molecule. There are two further types of diastereoisomers - [[Epimers\|epimers]] and [[Anomers\|anomers]]. Epimers are two diastereoisomers that differ at only one of the multiple asymmetric carbons, whereas anomers are cyclic molecules that differ at a new asymmetric carbon that is formed as a result of the ring formation. E-Z or cis-trans isomerism is another type of diastereoisomers, resulting from the restricted rotation around a [[Double bond\|double bond]]<ref>Biochemistry, 7th Edition, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, 2012, chapter 11- page 331, chapter 2 - page 27.</ref>.		Molecules that have multiple asymmetric carbons are called [[Diastereoisomers\|diastereoisomers]]. These are not mirror images of each other. A common example is a [[Monosaccharide\|monosaccharide]] that has a carbon chain of three or more, such as [[Glucose\|glucose]]. The number of possible stereoisomers is equal to 2<sup>n</sup>, where n is the number of asymmetric carbons in the molecule. There are two further types of diastereoisomers - [[Epimers\|epimers]] and [[Anomers\|anomers]]. Epimers are two diastereoisomers that differ at only one of the multiple asymmetric carbons, whereas anomers are cyclic molecules that differ at a new asymmetric carbon that is formed as a result of the ring formation. E-Z or cis-trans isomerism is another type of diastereoisomers, resulting from the restricted rotation around a [[Double bond\|double bond]]<ref>Biochemistry, 7th Edition, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, 2012, chapter 11- page 331, chapter 2 - page 27.</ref>.

			=== References ===

			<references />

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2018-11-27T19:33:47Z

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	Cis/Trans or E/Z- These require a [[Double bond\|double bond]] and different functional groups either side of the double bond. The double bond restricts the movement of the functional groups if the same functional groups are on the same side it is a cis or z isomer if they alternate they are a Trans or E isomer.		Cis/Trans or E/Z- These require a [[Double bond\|double bond]] and different functional groups either side of the double bond. The double bond restricts the movement of the functional groups if the same functional groups are on the same side it is a cis or z isomer if they alternate they are a Trans or E isomer.

	[[Optical Isomers\|Optical Isomers]]- These require a [[~~chiral~~ carbon\|chiral carbon]] (a carbon with 4 different functional groups attached) the way these functional groups are arranged it forms non-superimposable mirror images of each other. Each optical isomer has the same physical properties except the plane in which rotate to polarise light and how they interact with other optical isomers.		[[Optical Isomers\|Optical Isomers]]- These require a [[Chiral carbon\|chiral carbon]] (a carbon with 4 different functional groups attached) the way these functional groups are arranged it forms non-superimposable mirror images of each other. Each optical isomer has the same physical properties except the plane in which rotate to polarise light and how they interact with other optical isomers.

			Stereoisomers are [[Molecules\|molecules]] that have the same [[Molecular formula\|molecular formula]], but have a different [[Spatial arrangement\|spatial arrangement]]. This means that they are arranged differently in space, despite the fact the [[Atom\|atoms]] are bonded in the same order. In order for this to occur, the molecule must contain a [[Carbon\|carbon]] that is bonded to four different groups, This is called a [[Chiral centre\|chiral centre]], or an [[Asymetric carbon\|asymmetric carbon]]. Stereoisomers can be divided into further groups according to the specific spatial arrangements.

			=== Enantiomers ===

			[[Enantiomers\|Enantiomers]] are stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other<ref>Naveen Chhabra, Madan L Aseri, and Deepak Padmanabhan1. A review of drug isomerism and its significance.Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2013 Jan-Jun; 3(1): 16–18.</ref>. They are usually described as having [[D isomer\|D]] or [[L isomer\|L]] configuration<ref>Sukanya Mitra and Puneet Chopra. Chirality and anaesthetic drugs: A review and an update.Indian J Anaesth. 2011 Nov-Dec; 55(6): 556–562.</ref>. Often one configuration exists more frequently in nature, for example, the L form of most [[Amino acid\|amino acids]] is more prominent in nature, possibly because they are slightly more soluble than the D form. You can differentiate between the two forms by investigating the direction in which they rotate polarised light.

			A racemate mixture contains equal amounts of [[Enantiomers\|enantiomers]]<ref>Michael J. Owens, Jonathan McConathy. Stereochemistry in Drug Action.Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2003; 5(2): 70–73.</ref>., therefore racemate mixtures are optically inactive because the enantiomers rotate a plane of polarised light by the same number of degrees in opposite directions<ref>The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica.Racemate. 2011. [cited 27/11/18] Available from:https://www.britannica.com/science/racemate</ref>.

			=== Diastereoisomers ===

			Molecules that have multiple asymmetric carbons are called [[Diastereoisomers\|diastereoisomers]]. These are not mirror images of each other. A common example is a [[Monosaccharide\|monosaccharide]] that has a carbon chain of three or more, such as [[Glucose\|glucose]]. The number of possible stereoisomers is equal to 2<sup>n</sup>, where n is the number of asymmetric carbons in the molecule. There are two further types of diastereoisomers - [[Epimers\|epimers]] and [[Anomers\|anomers]]. Epimers are two diastereoisomers that differ at only one of the multiple asymmetric carbons, whereas anomers are cyclic molecules that differ at a new asymmetric carbon that is formed as a result of the ring formation. E-Z or cis-trans isomerism is another type of diastereoisomers, resulting from the restricted rotation around a [[Double bond\|double bond]]<ref>Biochemistry, 7th Edition, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, 2012, chapter 11- page 331, chapter 2 - page 27.</ref>.

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	Stereoisomers are a type of [[Isomersism\|isomersism]] that has the same molecular ~~formulea~~ and the same connection of bonds but differ in the ~~arragnement~~ of the bonds in space.		Stereoisomers are a type of [[Isomersism\|isomersism]] that has the same molecular formulae and the same connection of bonds but differ in the arrangement of the bonds in space.

	There are two types of Stereoisomers-		There are two types of Stereoisomers-
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	Cis/Trans or E/Z- These require a [[Double bond\|double bond]] and different functional groups either side of the double bond. The double bond restricts the movement of the functional groups if the same functional groups are on the same side it is a cis or z isomer if they alternate they are a Trans or E isomer.		Cis/Trans or E/Z- These require a [[Double bond\|double bond]] and different functional groups either side of the double bond. The double bond restricts the movement of the functional groups if the same functional groups are on the same side it is a cis or z isomer if they alternate they are a Trans or E isomer.

	[~~https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki/index.php/Optical_isomer~~ Optical Isomers]- These require a [~~https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki/index.php/Chiral_carbon~~ chiral carbon ](a carbon with 4 different functional groups attached) the way these functional groups are arranged it forms non superimposable mirror images of each other. Each optical isomer has the same physical properties except the plane in which rotate to polarise light and how they interact with other optical isomers.		[[Optical Isomers\|Optical Isomers]]- These require a [[chiral carbon\|chiral carbon]] (a carbon with 4 different functional groups attached) the way these functional groups are arranged it forms non-superimposable mirror images of each other. Each optical isomer has the same physical properties except the plane in which rotate to polarise light and how they interact with other optical isomers.

170261300: Changed and to are in first sentence. Corrected stereoisomers spelling mistake. Added links to optical isomers and chiral carbon.

2017-12-03T16:03:22Z

Changed and to are in first sentence. Corrected stereoisomers spelling mistake. Added links to optical isomers and chiral carbon.

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	Stereoisomers ~~and~~ a type of [[~~isomersism~~\|isomersism]] that has the same molecular formulea and the same connection of bonds but differ in the arragnement of the bonds in space.		Stereoisomers are a type of [[Isomersism\|isomersism]] that has the same molecular formulea and the same connection of bonds but differ in the arragnement of the bonds in space.

	There are two types of ~~Sterioisomers~~-		There are two types of Stereoisomers-

	Cis/Trans or E/Z- These require a [[~~double~~ bond\|double bond]] and different functional groups either side of the double bond. The double bond restricts the movement of the functional groups if the same functional groups are on the same side it is a cis or z isomer if they alternate they are a Trans or E isomer.		Cis/Trans or E/Z- These require a [[Double bond\|double bond]] and different functional groups either side of the double bond. The double bond restricts the movement of the functional groups if the same functional groups are on the same side it is a cis or z isomer if they alternate they are a Trans or E isomer.

	Optical Isomers- These require a chiral carbon (a carbon with 4 different functional groups attached) the way these functional groups are arranged it forms non superimposable mirror images of each other. Each optical isomer has the same physical properties except the plane in which rotate to polarise light and how they interact with other optical isomers.		[https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki/index.php/Optical_isomer Optical Isomers]- These require a [https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki/index.php/Chiral_carbon chiral carbon ](a carbon with 4 different functional groups attached) the way these functional groups are arranged it forms non superimposable mirror images of each other. Each optical isomer has the same physical properties except the plane in which rotate to polarise light and how they interact with other optical isomers.

Nnjm2 at 19:58, 29 November 2012

2012-11-29T19:58:06Z

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	Stereoisomers and a type of isomersism that has the same molecular formulea and the same connection of bonds but differ in the arragnement of the bonds in space.		Stereoisomers and a type of [[isomersism\|isomersism]] that has the same molecular formulea and the same connection of bonds but differ in the arragnement of the bonds in space.



	~~There are two types of Sterioisomers-~~



	Cis/Trans or E/Z- These require a double bond and different functional groups either side of the double bond. The double bond restricts the movement of the functional groups if the same functional groups are on the same side it is a cis or z isomer if they alternate they are a Trans or E isomer.

			There are two types of Sterioisomers-

			Cis/Trans or E/Z- These require a [[double bond\|double bond]] and different functional groups either side of the double bond. The double bond restricts the movement of the functional groups if the same functional groups are on the same side it is a cis or z isomer if they alternate they are a Trans or E isomer.

	Optical Isomers- These require a chiral carbon (a carbon with 4 different functional groups attached) the way these functional groups are arranged it forms non superimposable mirror images of each other. Each optical isomer has the same physical properties except the plane in which rotate to polarise light and how they interact with other optical isomers.		Optical Isomers- These require a chiral carbon (a carbon with 4 different functional groups attached) the way these functional groups are arranged it forms non superimposable mirror images of each other. Each optical isomer has the same physical properties except the plane in which rotate to polarise light and how they interact with other optical isomers.

120249185: Created page with "Stereoisomers and a type of isomersism that has the same molecular formulea and the same connection of bonds but differ in the arragnement of the bonds in space. There are two..."

2012-11-29T17:56:17Z

Created page with "Stereoisomers and a type of isomersism that has the same molecular formulea and the same connection of bonds but differ in the arragnement of the bonds in space. There are two..."

New page

Stereoisomers and a type of isomersism that has the same molecular formulea and the same connection of bonds but differ in the arragnement of the bonds in space.

There are two types of Sterioisomers-

Cis/Trans or E/Z- These require a double bond and different functional groups either side of the double bond. The double bond restricts the movement of the functional groups if the same functional groups are on the same side it is a cis or z isomer if they alternate they are a Trans or E isomer.

Optical Isomers- These require a chiral carbon (a carbon with 4 different functional groups attached) the way these functional groups are arranged it forms non superimposable mirror images of each other. Each optical isomer has the same physical properties except the plane in which rotate to polarise light and how they interact with other optical isomers.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:33, 27 November 2018
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	Cis/Trans or E/Z- These require a [[Double bond\|double bond]] and different functional groups either side of the double bond. The double bond restricts the movement of the functional groups if the same functional groups are on the same side it is a cis or z isomer if they alternate they are a Trans or E isomer.		Cis/Trans or E/Z- These require a [[Double bond\|double bond]] and different functional groups either side of the double bond. The double bond restricts the movement of the functional groups if the same functional groups are on the same side it is a cis or z isomer if they alternate they are a Trans or E isomer.

	[[Optical Isomers\|Optical Isomers]]- These require a [[~~chiral~~ carbon\|chiral carbon]] (a carbon with 4 different functional groups attached) the way these functional groups are arranged it forms non-superimposable mirror images of each other. Each optical isomer has the same physical properties except the plane in which rotate to polarise light and how they interact with other optical isomers.		[[Optical Isomers\|Optical Isomers]]- These require a [[Chiral carbon\|chiral carbon]] (a carbon with 4 different functional groups attached) the way these functional groups are arranged it forms non-superimposable mirror images of each other. Each optical isomer has the same physical properties except the plane in which rotate to polarise light and how they interact with other optical isomers.

			Stereoisomers are [[Molecules\|molecules]] that have the same [[Molecular formula\|molecular formula]], but have a different [[Spatial arrangement\|spatial arrangement]]. This means that they are arranged differently in space, despite the fact the [[Atom\|atoms]] are bonded in the same order. In order for this to occur, the molecule must contain a [[Carbon\|carbon]] that is bonded to four different groups, This is called a [[Chiral centre\|chiral centre]], or an [[Asymetric carbon\|asymmetric carbon]]. Stereoisomers can be divided into further groups according to the specific spatial arrangements.

			=== Enantiomers ===

			[[Enantiomers\|Enantiomers]] are stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other<ref>Naveen Chhabra, Madan L Aseri, and Deepak Padmanabhan1. A review of drug isomerism and its significance.Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2013 Jan-Jun; 3(1): 16–18.</ref>. They are usually described as having [[D isomer\|D]] or [[L isomer\|L]] configuration<ref>Sukanya Mitra and Puneet Chopra. Chirality and anaesthetic drugs: A review and an update.Indian J Anaesth. 2011 Nov-Dec; 55(6): 556–562.</ref>. Often one configuration exists more frequently in nature, for example, the L form of most [[Amino acid\|amino acids]] is more prominent in nature, possibly because they are slightly more soluble than the D form. You can differentiate between the two forms by investigating the direction in which they rotate polarised light.

			A racemate mixture contains equal amounts of [[Enantiomers\|enantiomers]]<ref>Michael J. Owens, Jonathan McConathy. Stereochemistry in Drug Action.Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2003; 5(2): 70–73.</ref>., therefore racemate mixtures are optically inactive because the enantiomers rotate a plane of polarised light by the same number of degrees in opposite directions<ref>The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica.Racemate. 2011. [cited 27/11/18] Available from:https://www.britannica.com/science/racemate</ref>.

			=== Diastereoisomers ===

			Molecules that have multiple asymmetric carbons are called [[Diastereoisomers\|diastereoisomers]]. These are not mirror images of each other. A common example is a [[Monosaccharide\|monosaccharide]] that has a carbon chain of three or more, such as [[Glucose\|glucose]]. The number of possible stereoisomers is equal to 2<sup>n</sup>, where n is the number of asymmetric carbons in the molecule. There are two further types of diastereoisomers - [[Epimers\|epimers]] and [[Anomers\|anomers]]. Epimers are two diastereoisomers that differ at only one of the multiple asymmetric carbons, whereas anomers are cyclic molecules that differ at a new asymmetric carbon that is formed as a result of the ring formation. E-Z or cis-trans isomerism is another type of diastereoisomers, resulting from the restricted rotation around a [[Double bond\|double bond]]<ref>Biochemistry, 7th Edition, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, 2012, chapter 11- page 331, chapter 2 - page 27.</ref>.