Monomeric G-protein: Difference between revisions
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A monomeric G-protein ( also known as small G protein or small [[GTPase|GTPases]], is the umbrella term for a family of signal transducing proteins. These comprise of: [[Rab|Rab]], [[Arf|Arf]], [[Ras|Ras]], [[Ran|Ran]] and [[Rho|Rho]], which are also vital in the growth of cells, as well as cell transport, motility, [[Cytokinesis|cytokinesis]] and [[Cell differentiation|cell differentiation]] <ref>Berg et al., (2006) Biochemistry, 6th edition, New York. Pages 432</ref>. Monomeric G proteins comprise of two forms, 1.) an 'inactive' form in which the monomeric G-protein is bound to [[GDP|GDP]] ([[Guanosine diphosphate|guanosine diphosphate]]), and 2.) In order to activate the inactive form of monomeric G-protein, a guanine exchange factor is needed. 3.) the 'active' form in which the Monomeric G-protein is bound to [[GTP|GTP]] ( [[Guanosine triphosphate|guanosine triphosphate]]). Notably, monomeric G-proteins are small (ranging around 20-25 kDa) compared with larger types of G protein like [[Heterotrimeric G-proteins|heterotrimeric]] proteins (which are typically 30-35 kDa) <ref>Berg et al., (2006) Biochemistry, 6th edition, New York. Pages 433</ref>. <br> | A monomeric G-protein ( also known as small G protein or small [[GTPase|GTPases]], is the umbrella term for a family of signal transducing proteins. These comprise of: [[Rab|Rab]], [[Arf|Arf]], [[Ras|Ras]], [[Ran|Ran]] and [[Rho|Rho]], which are also vital in the growth of cells, as well as cell transport, motility, [[Cytokinesis|cytokinesis]] and [[Cell differentiation|cell differentiation]] <ref>Berg et al., (2006) Biochemistry, 6th edition, New York. Pages 432</ref>. Monomeric G proteins comprise of two forms, 1.) an 'inactive' form in which the monomeric G-protein is bound to [[GDP|GDP]] ([[Guanosine diphosphate|guanosine diphosphate]]), and 2.) In order to activate the inactive form of monomeric G-protein, a guanine exchange factor is needed. 3.) the 'active' form in which the Monomeric G-protein is bound to [[GTP|GTP]] ( [[Guanosine triphosphate|guanosine triphosphate]]). Notably, monomeric G-proteins are small (ranging around 20-25 kDa) compared with larger types of G protein like [[Heterotrimeric G-proteins|heterotrimeric]] proteins (which are typically 30-35 kDa) <ref>Berg et al., (2006) Biochemistry, 6th edition, New York. Pages 433</ref>. To inactivate a monomeric G protein, a GTPase activating protein (GAP) is required to hydrolyse the GTP to GDP as they have weak intrinsic GTPase activity.<br> | ||
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Revision as of 20:37, 27 November 2016
A monomeric G-protein ( also known as small G protein or small GTPases, is the umbrella term for a family of signal transducing proteins. These comprise of: Rab, Arf, Ras, Ran and Rho, which are also vital in the growth of cells, as well as cell transport, motility, cytokinesis and cell differentiation [1]. Monomeric G proteins comprise of two forms, 1.) an 'inactive' form in which the monomeric G-protein is bound to GDP (guanosine diphosphate), and 2.) In order to activate the inactive form of monomeric G-protein, a guanine exchange factor is needed. 3.) the 'active' form in which the Monomeric G-protein is bound to GTP ( guanosine triphosphate). Notably, monomeric G-proteins are small (ranging around 20-25 kDa) compared with larger types of G protein like heterotrimeric proteins (which are typically 30-35 kDa) [2]. To inactivate a monomeric G protein, a GTPase activating protein (GAP) is required to hydrolyse the GTP to GDP as they have weak intrinsic GTPase activity.