Carboxyllic acid: Difference between revisions
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Carboxylic acids are organic compounds which contain a carboxyl group (COOH)<ref>Jim Clark. Introducing Carboxylic Acids. 2004. [cited 03/12/17]. Available from: https://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/acids/background.html</ref>. | Carboxylic acids are organic compounds which contain a carboxyl group (COOH)<ref name="1">Jim Clark. Introducing Carboxylic Acids. 2004. [cited 03/12/17]. Available from: https://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/acids/background.html</ref><span style="font-size: 13.28px;">. </span> | ||
=== '''<u></u>'''<u>'''Naming'''</u> === | === '''<u></u>'''<u>'''Naming'''</u> === | ||
You always name carboxylic acids from the first carbon atom on the COOH group. This carbon atom is always counted as carbon number 1 regardless of how many other side chains there are on the | You always name carboxylic acids from the first carbon atom on the COOH group. This carbon atom is always counted as carbon number 1 regardless of how many other side chains there are on the compoun<span style="font-size: 13.28px;">d<ref name="1" /></span><span style="font-size: 13.28px;">.</span> | ||
=== <u>'''Examples of Carboxylic acids'''</u> === | === <u>'''Examples of Carboxylic acids'''</u> === | ||
The shortest carboxylic acid is methanoic acid and its chemical formula is CH3COOH<ref | The shortest carboxylic acid is methanoic acid and its chemical formula is CH3COOH<ref name="1" />. Other examples include ethanoic acid, 2 methyl butanoic acid etc. | ||
=== <u>'''Formation'''</u> === | === <u>'''Formation'''</u> === | ||
Primary alcohols can be oxidised through heating under reflux with potassium dichromate solution to produce carboxylic acids<ref>LibreTexts. Preparation of Carboxylic Acids. 2015. [cited 03/12/17]. Available from: https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Organic_Chemistry/Carboxylic_Acids/Synthesis_of_Carboxylic_Acids/Preparation_of_carboxylic_acids</ref>. Other ways of producing carboxylic acids include hydrolysing nitriles through acid or alkali hydrolysis<ref | Primary alcohols can be oxidised through heating under reflux with potassium dichromate solution to produce carboxylic acids<ref name="2">LibreTexts. Preparation of Carboxylic Acids. 2015. [cited 03/12/17]. Available from: https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Organic_Chemistry/Carboxylic_Acids/Synthesis_of_Carboxylic_Acids/Preparation_of_carboxylic_acids</ref>. Other ways of producing carboxylic acids include hydrolysing nitriles through acid or alkali hydrolysis<ref name="2" />. | ||
=== <u>'''Physical properties'''</u> === | === <u>'''Physical properties'''</u> === | ||
Carboxylic acids have slightly higher boiling points than alcohols due to stronger hydrogen bonding<ref | Carboxylic acids have slightly higher boiling points than alcohols due to stronger hydrogen bonding<ref name="1" />. | ||
Smaller chain carboxylic acids are relatively soluble in water. However the bigger acids tend to be less soluble due to the hydrocarbon tails breaking hydrogen bonds between water molecules and the carboxylic acid<ref | Smaller chain carboxylic acids are relatively soluble in water. However the bigger acids tend to be less soluble due to the hydrocarbon tails breaking hydrogen bonds between water molecules and the carboxylic acid<ref name="1" />. | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
= '''References''' | = '''References'''<br> = | ||
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<references /><br> | |||
Revision as of 21:26, 3 December 2017
Carboxylic acids are organic compounds which contain a carboxyl group (COOH)Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title.
Naming
You always name carboxylic acids from the first carbon atom on the COOH group. This carbon atom is always counted as carbon number 1 regardless of how many other side chains there are on the compoundCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title.
Examples of Carboxylic acids
The shortest carboxylic acid is methanoic acid and its chemical formula is CH3COOHCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title. Other examples include ethanoic acid, 2 methyl butanoic acid etc.
Formation
Primary alcohols can be oxidised through heating under reflux with potassium dichromate solution to produce carboxylic acidsCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title. Other ways of producing carboxylic acids include hydrolysing nitriles through acid or alkali hydrolysisCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title.
Physical properties
Carboxylic acids have slightly higher boiling points than alcohols due to stronger hydrogen bondingCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title.
Smaller chain carboxylic acids are relatively soluble in water. However the bigger acids tend to be less soluble due to the hydrocarbon tails breaking hydrogen bonds between water molecules and the carboxylic acidCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title.
References