G protein (Gs): Difference between revisions
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G-proteins convert signals from one form to another, therefore they are transducers within a signalling pathway. G-proteins transduce signals by binding to other proteins on the [[ | G-proteins convert signals from one form to another, therefore they are transducers within a signalling pathway. G-proteins transduce signals by binding to other proteins on the [[Plasma membrane|plasma membrane]] and are able to turn themsleves off by GTP-hydrolysis, they bind guanosine diphosphate([[GDP|GDP]]) or guanosine triphosphate([[GTP|GTP]]). | ||
There are two types of G-proteins: monomeric and trimeric. Monomeric G-proteins transduce signals from enzyme linked receptors e.g. RAS proteins. Whereas trimeric G-proteins transduce signals from G-protein linked receptors and they consist of three heterologous subunits: [[ | There are two types of G-proteins: monomeric and trimeric. Monomeric G-proteins transduce signals from enzyme linked receptors e.g. RAS proteins. Whereas trimeric G-proteins transduce signals from G-protein linked receptors and they consist of three heterologous subunits: [[G protein alpha subunit|alpha]], beta and gamma. | ||
=== Reference === | The alpha subunit of a trimeric G-protein is a GTP-ase and binds GDP in resting state. Two examples of trimeric G-proteins are [[Adenylyl cyclase|Adenylyl cyclase]] and [[Phospholipase C|Phospholipase C]] which pass information down the signallin pathway by producing second messengers. The Gs alpha subunit activates cAMP-dependent pathways my activating adenylyl cyclase. These signals that have been transduced from G-protein linked receptors mediate most physiological responses within the body to various stimulants including [[Neurotransmitters|neurotransmitters]], [[Hormones|hormones]] and the [[Environment|environment]]<ref>Rosenbaum DM, Rasmussen SG, Kobilka BK. The structure and function of G-protein-coupled receptors. Nature. 2009 May 21;459(7245):356-63.</ref>. | ||
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Latest revision as of 16:31, 5 December 2017
G-proteins convert signals from one form to another, therefore they are transducers within a signalling pathway. G-proteins transduce signals by binding to other proteins on the plasma membrane and are able to turn themsleves off by GTP-hydrolysis, they bind guanosine diphosphate(GDP) or guanosine triphosphate(GTP).
There are two types of G-proteins: monomeric and trimeric. Monomeric G-proteins transduce signals from enzyme linked receptors e.g. RAS proteins. Whereas trimeric G-proteins transduce signals from G-protein linked receptors and they consist of three heterologous subunits: alpha, beta and gamma.
The alpha subunit of a trimeric G-protein is a GTP-ase and binds GDP in resting state. Two examples of trimeric G-proteins are Adenylyl cyclase and Phospholipase C which pass information down the signallin pathway by producing second messengers. The Gs alpha subunit activates cAMP-dependent pathways my activating adenylyl cyclase. These signals that have been transduced from G-protein linked receptors mediate most physiological responses within the body to various stimulants including neurotransmitters, hormones and the environment[1].
Reference
- ↑ Rosenbaum DM, Rasmussen SG, Kobilka BK. The structure and function of G-protein-coupled receptors. Nature. 2009 May 21;459(7245):356-63.