Translation: Difference between revisions
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Translation in an important, and complex feature of the process of protein synthesis. Genetic information codes for proteins via protein syntheis, this is an essential process as proteins are responsible for the vast majority of cell function and structure. Protein synthesis involves mRNA and tRNA along with other proteins and has three main steps: | Translation in an important, and complex feature of the process of protein synthesis. Genetic information codes for proteins via protein syntheis, this is an essential process as proteins are responsible for the vast majority of cell function and structure. Protein synthesis involves mRNA and tRNA along with other proteins and has three main steps: | ||
#DNA replication | #DNA replication | ||
#Transcription | #Transcription | ||
#Translation | #Translation | ||
Translation is the most complex, it consists of the nucleotide sequence of mRNA being translated into the amino acid secquence of the specific protein. The direction that translation is carried out is very significant; it occurs in the same direction as transcription ( 5'-3') this results in proteins being produced more efficiently as translation can occur during transcription. | Translation is the most complex, it consists of the nucleotide sequence of mRNA being translated into the amino acid secquence of the specific protein. The direction that translation is carried out is very significant; it occurs in the same direction as transcription ( 5'-3') this results in proteins being produced more efficiently as translation can occur during transcription.(Berg et al, 2007:869) | ||
The mRNA and tRNA play very important specific roles during translation; firstly mRNA acts as a template for the production of the polypeptide chain from the genetic code. The genetic code had three important features: | The mRNA and tRNA play very important specific roles during translation; firstly mRNA acts as a template for the production of the polypeptide chain from the genetic code. The genetic code had three important features: | ||
#Triplet code | #Triplet code | ||
#Non-overlapping | #Non-overlapping | ||
#Degenerate | #Degenerate | ||
The tRNA acts as an adaptor molecule to decode the mRNA into the protein, it interacts with the mRNA through its anticodon.The tRNA is also responsible for proof-reading the amino acid chain, this ensures that mistakes are very rare ( less than 1 per 10000) | The tRNA acts as an adaptor molecule to decode the mRNA into the protein, it interacts with the mRNA through its anticodon.The tRNA is also responsible for proof-reading the amino acid chain, this ensures that mistakes are very rare ( less than 1 per 10000) | ||
<ref>Berg J., Tymoczko J and Stryer L. (2007) Biochemistry, 6th edition, New York: WH Freeman</ref> | <ref>Berg J., Tymoczko J and Stryer L. (2007) Biochemistry, 6th edition, New York: WH Freeman</ref> | ||
Revision as of 15:13, 15 December 2010
Translation in an important, and complex feature of the process of protein synthesis. Genetic information codes for proteins via protein syntheis, this is an essential process as proteins are responsible for the vast majority of cell function and structure. Protein synthesis involves mRNA and tRNA along with other proteins and has three main steps:
- DNA replication
- Transcription
- Translation
Translation is the most complex, it consists of the nucleotide sequence of mRNA being translated into the amino acid secquence of the specific protein. The direction that translation is carried out is very significant; it occurs in the same direction as transcription ( 5'-3') this results in proteins being produced more efficiently as translation can occur during transcription.(Berg et al, 2007:869)
The mRNA and tRNA play very important specific roles during translation; firstly mRNA acts as a template for the production of the polypeptide chain from the genetic code. The genetic code had three important features:
- Triplet code
- Non-overlapping
- Degenerate
The tRNA acts as an adaptor molecule to decode the mRNA into the protein, it interacts with the mRNA through its anticodon.The tRNA is also responsible for proof-reading the amino acid chain, this ensures that mistakes are very rare ( less than 1 per 10000)
- ↑ Berg J., Tymoczko J and Stryer L. (2007) Biochemistry, 6th edition, New York: WH Freeman