Sacroplasmic reticulum: Difference between revisions
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The Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) is present in all types of [[ | The Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) is present in all types of [[Muscle|muscle]] cell ([[Cardiac Muscle|cardiac]], [[Smooth muscle cell|smooth]] and [[Skeletal Muscle|skeletal]]) and is a form of modified [[Endoplasmic Reticulum|endoplasmic reticulum]] <ref name="null">D.U. Silverthorn, 2010, Human Physiology An Integrated Approach, 5th Edition, San Francisco, Pearson. Page 408</ref>. It contains an essential store of [[Calcium|Ca<sup>2+</sup>]] ions; when the SR is stimulated these ions are released to initiate a contraction in the [[Muscle|muscle]]. In other words, the sarcoplasmic reticulum regulates the intracellular concentration of calcium ions<ref>B. M. Koeppen and B. A. Stanton, 2008, Berne and Levy Physiology, 6th Edition, Canada: Mosby Elsevier. Page 234.</ref>. | ||
In cardiac and skeletal [[Muscle|muscle]] cells the SR surrounds the [[Myofibrils|myofibril]] and release their Ca<sup>2+</sup> [[ | In cardiac and skeletal [[Muscle|muscle]] cells the SR surrounds the [[Myofibrils|myofibril]] and release their Ca<sup>2+</sup> [[Ions|ions]] at areas known as terminal cisternae. Terminal cisternae are the part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum nearest [[T-tubules|T-tubules]]. Skeletal and cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum are similar in this way; however cardiac cells SRs are undeveloped and less dense in comparison to skeletal cells<ref>B. M. Koeppen and B. A. Stanton, 2008, Berne and Levy Physiology, 6th Edition, Canada: Mosby Elsevier. Page 258</ref>. | ||
Smooth muscle cells also contain a sarcoplasmic reticulum that extends throughout the cell, in contrast to the other muscle types though, smooth muscles do not contain T-tubules and instead have junctional regions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum that abut areas of the | Smooth muscle cells also contain a sarcoplasmic reticulum that extends throughout the cell, in contrast to the other muscle types though, smooth muscles do not contain T-tubules and instead have junctional regions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum that abut areas of the sarcolemma or [[Caveolae|caveolae]]<ref>B. M. Koeppen and B. A. Stanton, 2008, Berne and Levy Physiology, 6th Edition, Canada: Mosby Elsevier. Page 271.</ref>. Furthermore, Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions are not only released from the SR in smooth muscle cells but also come from the extracellular fluid during muscular contraction<ref>D.U. Silverthorn, 2010, Human Physiology An Integrated Approach, 5th Edition, San Francisco, Pearson. Page 434.</ref>. | ||
== References == | === References === | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Latest revision as of 17:20, 23 October 2018
The Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) is present in all types of muscle cell (cardiac, smooth and skeletal) and is a form of modified endoplasmic reticulum [1]. It contains an essential store of Ca2+ ions; when the SR is stimulated these ions are released to initiate a contraction in the muscle. In other words, the sarcoplasmic reticulum regulates the intracellular concentration of calcium ions[2].
In cardiac and skeletal muscle cells the SR surrounds the myofibril and release their Ca2+ ions at areas known as terminal cisternae. Terminal cisternae are the part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum nearest T-tubules. Skeletal and cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum are similar in this way; however cardiac cells SRs are undeveloped and less dense in comparison to skeletal cells[3].
Smooth muscle cells also contain a sarcoplasmic reticulum that extends throughout the cell, in contrast to the other muscle types though, smooth muscles do not contain T-tubules and instead have junctional regions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum that abut areas of the sarcolemma or caveolae[4]. Furthermore, Ca2+ ions are not only released from the SR in smooth muscle cells but also come from the extracellular fluid during muscular contraction[5].
References
- ↑ D.U. Silverthorn, 2010, Human Physiology An Integrated Approach, 5th Edition, San Francisco, Pearson. Page 408
- ↑ B. M. Koeppen and B. A. Stanton, 2008, Berne and Levy Physiology, 6th Edition, Canada: Mosby Elsevier. Page 234.
- ↑ B. M. Koeppen and B. A. Stanton, 2008, Berne and Levy Physiology, 6th Edition, Canada: Mosby Elsevier. Page 258
- ↑ B. M. Koeppen and B. A. Stanton, 2008, Berne and Levy Physiology, 6th Edition, Canada: Mosby Elsevier. Page 271.
- ↑ D.U. Silverthorn, 2010, Human Physiology An Integrated Approach, 5th Edition, San Francisco, Pearson. Page 434.