Poliomyelitis: Difference between revisions
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Polio is a highly contagious [[ | Polio is a highly contagious [[Picornavirus|picornavirus]], though only a few patients develop any illness from the infection. | ||
'''''Spread''''': Droplet or faecal-oral. | '''''Spread''''': Droplet or faecal-oral. | ||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
'''''Signs:''''' ''Flu prodrome'' for 48h then ''pre-paralytic stage: ''T°, pulse, headache, vomiting, neck stiffness and unilateral tremor. In <50% this progresses to a ''paralytic stage'': myalgia, LMN signs ± respiratory failure. No sensory signs. | '''''Signs:''''' ''Flu prodrome'' for 48h then ''pre-paralytic stage: ''T°, pulse, headache, vomiting, neck stiffness and unilateral tremor. In <50% this progresses to a ''paralytic stage'': myalgia, LMN signs ± respiratory failure. No sensory signs. | ||
'''''Test:''''' CSF: WCC, polymorphs then [[ | '''''Test:''''' CSF: WCC, polymorphs then [[Lymphocytes|lymphocytes]], otherwise normal; paired [[Sera|sera]] (14 days apart); throat swab and stool culture identify [[Virus|virus]]. | ||
'''''Natural history: '''''<10% of those with paralysis die. There maybe delayed progression of paralysis ('''''post-polio syndrome''''', PPS). Risk of severe paralysis in adults; pregnant; [[ | '''''Natural history: '''''<10% of those with paralysis die. There maybe delayed progression of paralysis ('''''post-polio syndrome''''', PPS). Risk of severe paralysis in adults; pregnant; [[Muscle|muscle]] fatigue/trauma during incubation period. '''''PPS''''' causes fatigue, weakness, [[Myalgia|myalgia]], and worsening function, not necessarily at sites originally affected (advise enough exercise to prevent wasting but no so at sites originally affected (advise enough exersice to prevent wasting but not so much as to weaknessin aldready damaged muscles)). No drug works. | ||
'''''Vaccine:''''' p391 | '''''Vaccine:''''' p391 | ||
'''''Reference:''''' | |||
<ref>www.oup.com/uk/ohcm9refs</ref><references /><br> | |||
Revision as of 12:49, 27 November 2018
Polio is a highly contagious picornavirus, though only a few patients develop any illness from the infection.
Spread: Droplet or faecal-oral.
Incubation: 7 days.
Signs: Flu prodrome for 48h then pre-paralytic stage: T°, pulse, headache, vomiting, neck stiffness and unilateral tremor. In <50% this progresses to a paralytic stage: myalgia, LMN signs ± respiratory failure. No sensory signs.
Test: CSF: WCC, polymorphs then lymphocytes, otherwise normal; paired sera (14 days apart); throat swab and stool culture identify virus.
Natural history: <10% of those with paralysis die. There maybe delayed progression of paralysis (post-polio syndrome, PPS). Risk of severe paralysis in adults; pregnant; muscle fatigue/trauma during incubation period. PPS causes fatigue, weakness, myalgia, and worsening function, not necessarily at sites originally affected (advise enough exercise to prevent wasting but no so at sites originally affected (advise enough exersice to prevent wasting but not so much as to weaknessin aldready damaged muscles)). No drug works.
Vaccine: p391
Reference:
- ↑ www.oup.com/uk/ohcm9refs