First-Pass Metabolism: Difference between revisions
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This form of metabolism is therapeutically relevant as... | This form of metabolism is therapeutically relevant as... | ||
#It implies that the [[Drug Efficacy|efficacy]] of a drug is lower when its route of administration is oral rather than intravenous. <ref name="null">Grahame-Smith D, Aronson J. (2002) Oxford Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 3rd Edition, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.</ref>This frequently means that a higher dose is used when a drug is administered orally <ref name="null">Rang H, Dale M, Ritter J, Flower R and Henderson G. (2012) Rang and Dale's Pharmacology, 7th Edition, Spain: Elsevier Inc.</ref>. First-pass metabolism can reduce the bioavailability of some drugs to the extent that it renders them completely ineffective and makes oral administration unsuitable ([[Insulin|insulin]] is an example of this) <ref>Grahame-Smith D, Aronson J. (2002) Oxford Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 3rd Edition, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.</ref>. | #It implies that the [[Drug Efficacy|efficacy]] of a drug is lower when its route of administration is oral rather than intravenous. <ref name="null">Grahame-Smith D, Aronson J. (2002) Oxford Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 3rd Edition, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.</ref>This frequently means that a higher dose is used when a drug is administered orally <ref name="null">Rang H, Dale M, Ritter J, Flower R and Henderson G. (2012) Rang and Dale's Pharmacology, 7th Edition, Spain: Elsevier Inc.</ref>. First-pass metabolism can reduce the bioavailability of some drugs to the extent that it renders them completely ineffective and makes oral administration unsuitable ([[Insulin|insulin]] is an example of this) <ref>Grahame-Smith D, Aronson J. (2002) Oxford Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 3rd Edition, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.</ref>. | ||
#First-Pass Metabolism differs between people <ref>Rang H, Dale M, Ritter J, Flower R and Henderson G. (2012) Rang and Dale's Pharmacology, 7th Edition, Spain: Elsevier Inc.</ref>. | #First-Pass Metabolism differs between people <ref>Rang H, Dale M, Ritter J, Flower R and Henderson G. (2012) Rang and Dale's Pharmacology, 7th Edition, Spain: Elsevier Inc.</ref>. | ||
=== References === | === References === | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
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Revision as of 17:58, 14 November 2011
First-pass metabolism (also known as presystemic metabolism) refers to the action of metabolic enzymes, in the liver and gut wall, on drugs [1]. These enzymes metabolise drugs before they enter the systemic circulation, often rendering a fraction of the drug inactive [2]. This lowers the proportion of an ingested drug that is acquired by the systemic circulation in its active form (its bioavailability).[3]
This form of metabolism is therapeutically relevant as...
- It implies that the efficacy of a drug is lower when its route of administration is oral rather than intravenous. [2]This frequently means that a higher dose is used when a drug is administered orally [2]. First-pass metabolism can reduce the bioavailability of some drugs to the extent that it renders them completely ineffective and makes oral administration unsuitable (insulin is an example of this) [4].
- First-Pass Metabolism differs between people [5].
References
- ↑ Rang H, Dale M, Ritter J, Flower R and Henderson G. (2012) Rang and Dale's Pharmacology, 7th Edition, Spain: Elsevier Inc.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Rang H, Dale M, Ritter J, Flower R and Henderson G. (2012) Rang and Dale's Pharmacology, 7th Edition, Spain: Elsevier Inc. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "null" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Rang H, Dale M, Ritter J, Flower R and Henderson G. (2012) Rang and Dale's Pharmacology, 7th Edition, Spain: Elsevier Inc
- ↑ Grahame-Smith D, Aronson J. (2002) Oxford Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 3rd Edition, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.
- ↑ Rang H, Dale M, Ritter J, Flower R and Henderson G. (2012) Rang and Dale's Pharmacology, 7th Edition, Spain: Elsevier Inc.