Autocrine signalling: Difference between revisions

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Autocrine signalling is a type of cell communication, that occurs when the cell secretes a substance that is capable of provoking a reaction in itself.<ref>Lackie, J (2010). Oxford Dictionary of Biomedicine. New York: Oxford University Press Inc. . 49.</ref>&nbsp;<br>It comes from ''auto-, ''a Greek prefix meaning 'self'<ref>Dictionary.com</ref>.  
Autocrine signalling is a type of cell communication, that occurs when the cell secretes a substance that is capable of provoking a reaction in itself&nbsp;<ref>Lackie, J (2010). Oxford Dictionary of Biomedicine. New York: Oxford University Press Inc. . 49.</ref>.&nbsp;&nbsp;It comes from ''auto-, ''a Greek prefix meaning 'self'<ref>Dictionary.com</ref>.  


The secreted molecules are known as local mediators<ref>Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., Walter, P. (2008). Molecular Biology Of The Cell. 5th ed. New York: Garland Science. 881</ref>, because they only affect cells in their immediate vicinity. Local mediators are also involved in [https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki/index.php/Paracrine_signals paracrine cell communication], where the cell that produces the mediator and the target cell are usually different cell types<ref>Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., Walter, P. (2008). Molecular Biology Of The Cell. 5th ed. New York: Garland Science. 881</ref>.&nbsp;  
The secreted molecules are known as local mediators<ref>Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., Walter, P. (2008). Molecular Biology Of The Cell. 5th ed. New York: Garland Science. 881</ref>, because they only affect cells in their immediate vicinity. Local mediators are also involved in [[Paracrine_signals|paracrine cell communication]], where the cell that produces the mediator and the target cell are usually different cell types<ref>Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., Walter, P. (2008). Molecular Biology Of The Cell. 5th ed. New York: Garland Science. 881</ref>.&nbsp;  


An example of autocrine signalling can be found in the human [https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki/index.php/Immune_response immune response]. T [https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki/index.php/Lymphocyte lymphocytes] can stimulate their own proliferation when they detect a foreign antigen, by producing a [https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki/index.php/Growth_hormone growth hormone] that they respond to<ref>Cooper GM. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 2nd edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2000. Signaling Molecules and Their Receptors.</ref>. The result of this is a larger population of active T lymphocytes and thus, the body is capable of mounting a more effective immune response against the invader.&nbsp;<br> <br>We can also see the effects of autocrine signalling in [https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki/index.php/Cancer cancer]. Overproduction of growth factors can lead to the formation of tumours, when cell division becomes uncontrollable due to a dysfunctional autocrine signalling pathway<ref>Wells, A (2006). Cell Motility in Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. The Netherlands: Springer Science and Business Media.</ref>.
An example of autocrine signalling can be found in the human [[Immune_response|immune response]]. [[T lymphocytes|T lymphocytes]] can stimulate their own proliferation when they detect a foreign [[antigen|antigen]], by producing a [[growth hormone|growth hormone]] that they respond to<ref>Cooper GM. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 2nd edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2000. Signaling Molecules and Their Receptors.</ref>. The result of this is a larger population of active T lymphocytes and thus, the body is capable of mounting a more effective immune response against the invader.&nbsp;


<br>  
We can also see the effects of autocrine signalling in [[cancer|cancer]]. Overproduction of growth factors can lead to the formation of tumours, when cell division becomes uncontrollable due to a dysfunctional autocrine signalling pathway<ref>Wells, A (2006). Cell Motility in Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. The Netherlands: Springer Science and Business Media.</ref>.
 
=== References<br> ===


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Latest revision as of 09:18, 22 October 2014

Autocrine signalling is a type of cell communication, that occurs when the cell secretes a substance that is capable of provoking a reaction in itself [1].  It comes from auto-, a Greek prefix meaning 'self'[2].

The secreted molecules are known as local mediators[3], because they only affect cells in their immediate vicinity. Local mediators are also involved in paracrine cell communication, where the cell that produces the mediator and the target cell are usually different cell types[4]. 

An example of autocrine signalling can be found in the human immune response. T lymphocytes can stimulate their own proliferation when they detect a foreign antigen, by producing a growth hormone that they respond to[5]. The result of this is a larger population of active T lymphocytes and thus, the body is capable of mounting a more effective immune response against the invader. 

We can also see the effects of autocrine signalling in cancer. Overproduction of growth factors can lead to the formation of tumours, when cell division becomes uncontrollable due to a dysfunctional autocrine signalling pathway[6].

References

  1. ↑ Lackie, J (2010). Oxford Dictionary of Biomedicine. New York: Oxford University Press Inc. . 49.
  2. ↑ Dictionary.com
  3. ↑ Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., Walter, P. (2008). Molecular Biology Of The Cell. 5th ed. New York: Garland Science. 881
  4. ↑ Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., Walter, P. (2008). Molecular Biology Of The Cell. 5th ed. New York: Garland Science. 881
  5. ↑ Cooper GM. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 2nd edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2000. Signaling Molecules and Their Receptors.
  6. ↑ Wells, A (2006). Cell Motility in Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. The Netherlands: Springer Science and Business Media.
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