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| Sterioisomers are [[Molecules|molecules]] that have the same [[Molecular formula|molecular formula]], but have a different [[Spatial arrangement|spatial arrangement]]. This means that they are arranged differently in space, despite the fact the [[Atom|atoms]] are bonded in the same order. In order for this to occur, the molecule must contain a [[Carbon|carbon]] that is bonded to four different groups, This is called a [[Chiral centre|chiral centre]], or an [[Asymetric carbon|asymetric carbon]]. Sterioisomers can be divided into further groups according to the specific spatial arrangements.
| | See [[Stereoisomers|Stereoisomers]] |
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| [[Enantiomers|Enantiomers]] are sterioisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. They are usually described as having [[D isomer|D]] or [[L isomer|L]] configuration. Often one configuration exists more frequently in nature, for example the L form of most [[Amino acid|amino acids]] is more prominant in nature, possibly because they are slightly more soluble than the D form. You can differentiate between the two forms by investigating the direction in which they rotate polarised light.
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| Molecules that have multiple asymmetric carbons are called [[Diastereoisomers|diastereoisomers]]. These are not mirror images of eachother. A common example is a [[Monosaccharide|monosaccharide]] that has a carbon chain of three or more, such as [[Glucose|glucose]]. The number of possible sterioisomers is equal to 2<sup>n</sup>, where n is the number of asymmetric carbons in the molecule. There are two further types of diasterioisomers - [[Epimers|epimers]] and [[Anomers|anomers]]. Epimers are two diasterioisomers that differ at only one of the multiple asymmetric carbons, whereas anomers are cyclic molecules that differ at a new asymmetric carbon that is formed as a result of the ring formation. E-Z or cis-trans isomerism is another type of diasterioisomers, resulting from the restricted rotation around a [[Double bond|double bond]] <ref>Biochemistry, 7th Edition, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, 2012, chapter 11- page 331, chapter 2 - page 27.</ref>. <br>
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| === References ===
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| <references />
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Latest revision as of 19:35, 27 November 2018