Muscle: Difference between revisions

From The School of Biomedical Sciences Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
Nnjm2 (talk | contribs)
Replaced content with "== Skeletal Muscle<br> == See Skeletal Muscle == Cardiac Muscle == See Cardiac Muscle == Smooth Muscle == See [[Smooth Muscle..."
 
(62 intermediate revisions by 25 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
= Skeletal muscle =
== Skeletal Muscle<br> ==


A skeletal muscle muscle consists of muscle fibres. One muscle fibre is approximatels 100 µm in diameter and consists of several [[Nucleus|nuclei]] and many [[Mitochondria|mitochondria]]. Each muscle fibre contains [[Myofibril|myofibrils]]. These are approximately 1 µm in diameter.<br>
See [[Skeletal Muscle|Skeletal Muscle]]  


The [[Myofibril|myofibril]] is organised in repating units called [[Sacromeres|sacromeres]]. These contain thick and thin filaments. Muscle contraction occurs when the thin filaments slide along the thick filament by hydrolysing [[ATP|ATP]]&nbsp;<ref>Berg J., Tymoczko J and Stryer L. (2001) Biochemistry, 5th edition, New York: WH Freeman.</ref>&nbsp;by what is known as the [[The Sliding Filament Theory|Sliding Filament Theory]].
== Cardiac Muscle ==


See [[Cardiac Muscle|Cardiac Muscle]]


== Smooth Muscle  ==


Contraction in a muscle cell&nbsp;is produced&nbsp;by an [[Action_potential|action potential ]]travelling along a motor neurone and arriving at a [[synapse]]. The voltage gradient causes voltage-gated calcium [[Ion_channels|ion channels]] in the [[presynaptic|presynaptic ]]neurone to open, triggering [[Vesicles|vesicles]] containing [[Neurotransmitter|neurotransmitters]], specifically acetylcholine, to travel towards the [[sarcolemma|sarcolemma]]; fusing with the membrane and&nbsp;releasing acetylcholine into the [[synaptic cleft|synaptic cleft ]]<ref name="null">Bowness E, Braid K, Brazier J, Burrows C, Craig K, Gillham R, Towle J. (2009), A2-level Biology The Revision Guide Exam Board AQA, page 57, Newcastle-upon-Tyne: CGP books.</ref>. They diffuse across the cleft where they bind to specific [[Receptor|receptors]] called nicotinic cholinergic receptors, on the sarcolemma, where the [[depolarisation|depolarisation]] travels along the membrane and deep into the cell via [[T-tubules|T-tubules ]]<ref name="null">Bowness E, Braid K, Brazier J, Burrows C, Craig K, Gillham R, Towle J. (2009), A2-level Biology The Revision Guide Exam Board AQA, page 58 -60, Newcastle-upon-Tyne: CGP books.</ref>. Therefore it allows the [[sarcoplasmic reticulum|sarcoplasmic reticulum]] to become depolarised, releasing calcium ions and triggering muscle contraction to take place by the [[The_Sliding_Filament_Theory|sliding filament theory ]]<ref>Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P. (2008), Molecular Biology of The Cell, page 1028-1029, 5th edition, New York:Garland Science.</ref>.
See [[Smooth Muscle|Smooth Muscle]]  


=== References  ===
<br>
 
<references />

Latest revision as of 08:41, 2 December 2011

Skeletal Muscle

See Skeletal Muscle

Cardiac Muscle

See Cardiac Muscle

Smooth Muscle

See Smooth Muscle