Poliomyelitis: Difference between revisions
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Polio is a highly contagious picornavirus,though only a few patients develop any illness from the infection. | Polio is a highly contagious [[Picornavirus|picornavirus]], though only a few patients develop any illness from the infection. | ||
=== Spread === | |||
'' | ''Droplet or faecal-oral. | ||
=== Incubation === | |||
'' | ''7 days. | ||
=== Signs === | |||
'''''Vaccine:''''' p391 | ''''Flu prodrome'' for 48h then ''pre-paralytic stage: ''T°, pulse, headache, vomiting, neck stiffness and unilateral tremor. In <50% this progresses to a ''paralytic stage'': myalgia, LMN signs ± respiratory failure. No sensory signs. | ||
=== Test: === | |||
CSF: WCC, polymorphs then [[Lymphocytes|lymphocytes]], otherwise normal; paired [[Sera|sera]] (14 days apart); throat swab and stool culture identify [[Virus|virus]]. | |||
=== Natural history: === | |||
''<10% of those with paralysis die. There maybe delayed progression of paralysis ('''''post-polio syndrome''''', PPS). Risk of severe paralysis in adults; pregnant; [[Muscle|muscle]] fatigue/trauma during incubation period. '''''PPS''''' causes fatigue, weakness, [[Myalgia|myalgia]], and worsening function, not necessarily at sites originally affected (advise enough exercise to prevent wasting but no so at sites originally affected (advise enough exersice to prevent wasting but not so much as to weaknessin aldready damaged muscles)). No drug works<ref>www.oup.com/uk/ohcm9refs</ref>. | |||
'''''Vaccine:''''' p391 | |||
=== References === | |||
<references /> | |||
Latest revision as of 13:16, 27 November 2018
Polio is a highly contagious picornavirus, though only a few patients develop any illness from the infection.
Spread
Droplet or faecal-oral.
Incubation
7 days.
Signs
''Flu prodrome for 48h then pre-paralytic stage: T°, pulse, headache, vomiting, neck stiffness and unilateral tremor. In <50% this progresses to a paralytic stage: myalgia, LMN signs ± respiratory failure. No sensory signs.
Test:
CSF: WCC, polymorphs then lymphocytes, otherwise normal; paired sera (14 days apart); throat swab and stool culture identify virus.
Natural history:
<10% of those with paralysis die. There maybe delayed progression of paralysis (post-polio syndrome, PPS). Risk of severe paralysis in adults; pregnant; muscle fatigue/trauma during incubation period. PPS causes fatigue, weakness, myalgia, and worsening function, not necessarily at sites originally affected (advise enough exercise to prevent wasting but no so at sites originally affected (advise enough exersice to prevent wasting but not so much as to weaknessin aldready damaged muscles)). No drug works[1].
Vaccine: p391
References
- ↑ www.oup.com/uk/ohcm9refs