Autosomal chromosomes: Difference between revisions
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An autosomal [[Chromosome|chromosome]] is any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. Autosomal chromosomes are symmetrically inherited from the parents. They carry genetic information and are present in the [[Nucleus|nucleus]] of all cells, alongside the [[Sex chromosomes|sex chromosomes]] <ref>Alberts, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts, Walter, (2008), Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th edition, New York: Garland Science</ref>. | An autosomal [[Chromosome|chromosome]] (also known as an autosome) is any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. Autosomal chromosomes are symmetrically inherited from the parents. ''Homo sapiens ''have 44 of them, 22 inherited by the mother and 22 by the father. They carry genetic information and are present in the [[Nucleus|nucleus]] of all cells, alongside the [[Sex chromosomes|sex chromosomes]]<ref>Alberts, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts, Walter, (2008), Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th edition, New York: Garland Science</ref>. | ||
=== Diseases and Birth defects === | |||
A number of diseases and birth defects can be attributed to the mutated [[Alleles|alleles]] which are situated on them, which includes: [[Cystic fibrosis|Cystic fibrosis]], [[Sickle cell anaemia|Sickle cell anaemia]], [[Tay-Sachs disease|Tay-Sachs disease]] and many more<ref>Stanfordchildrens.org. (2018). default - Stanford Children's Health. [online] Available at: https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=autosomal-recessive-cystic-fibrosis-sickle-cell-anemia-tay-sachs-disease-90-P02142 [Accessed 22 Oct. 2018].</ref>. | |||
=== Trisomies === | |||
A more well-known birth defect, known as [[Trisomy 21|Trisomy 21]] ([[Down's Syndrome|Down's syndrome]]) results in nondisjunction, which is when [[Homologous chromosomes|homologous chromosomes]] do not separate during [[Meiosis|meiosis]]. This results in an extra [[Chromosome 21|chromosome 21]], thus resulting in 45 autosomes. Other trisomies include: | |||
*[[Trisomy 13|Trisomy 13]] ([[Patau syndrome|Patau syndrome]]) | |||
*[[Trisomy 18|Trisomy 18]] ([[Edward's syndrome|Edward's syndrome]]). | |||
=== References === | === References === | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Latest revision as of 18:09, 22 October 2018
An autosomal chromosome (also known as an autosome) is any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. Autosomal chromosomes are symmetrically inherited from the parents. Homo sapiens have 44 of them, 22 inherited by the mother and 22 by the father. They carry genetic information and are present in the nucleus of all cells, alongside the sex chromosomes[1].
Diseases and Birth defects
A number of diseases and birth defects can be attributed to the mutated alleles which are situated on them, which includes: Cystic fibrosis, Sickle cell anaemia, Tay-Sachs disease and many more[2].
Trisomies
A more well-known birth defect, known as Trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome) results in nondisjunction, which is when homologous chromosomes do not separate during meiosis. This results in an extra chromosome 21, thus resulting in 45 autosomes. Other trisomies include:
References
- ↑ Alberts, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts, Walter, (2008), Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th edition, New York: Garland Science
- ↑ Stanfordchildrens.org. (2018). default - Stanford Children's Health. [online] Available at: https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=autosomal-recessive-cystic-fibrosis-sickle-cell-anemia-tay-sachs-disease-90-P02142 [Accessed 22 Oct. 2018].