DNA methylation: Difference between revisions
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DNA methylation can occur in either the [[ | DNA methylation can occur in either the [[Cytosine|cytosine]] or [[Adenine|adenine]] bases, cytosine methylation is generally found in [[Eukaryotic|eukaryotic]] cells whilst both but mainly [[Adenine methylation|adenine methylation]] can be found in [[Bacteria|bacteria]].<ref>D. T. Meštrović, "DNA Methylation in Bacteria," News Medical Life Sciences and Medicine, 10 09 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.news-medical.net/health/DNA-Methylation-in-Bacteria.aspx. [Accessed 23 11 2015].</ref> DNA methylation results in the addition of a [[Methyl group|methyl group]] to carbon five in the respective base by the [[Enzyme|enzyme]] [[DNA methylase|DNA methylase]], so using the example of cytosine when methylated it becomes [[5-methylcystosine|5-methylcystosine]]<ref>D. L. a. E. W. Jones, "Genetics Analysis of Genes and Genomes 7th Edition," in Epigenetic Mechanisms of Transcriptional Regulation, London, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 20009, p. 411.</ref>. This change often occurs in the major grooves of the DNA strand, resulting in transcription factors being unable to bind to the area<ref>Klug WS, Cummings MR, Spencer CA, Palladino MA. Concepts of genetics. 11th ed. Harlow (England): Pearson; 2016. p. 708-17</ref>. | ||
The effect of DNA methylation is that those areas of the DNA | The effect of DNA methylation is that those areas of the DNA are not sequenced and therefore the affected [[Genes|genes]] are silenced, proceeding to show [[Phenotypes|phenotypic]] change. | ||
=== References === | === References === | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Revision as of 10:59, 5 December 2016
DNA methylation can occur in either the cytosine or adenine bases, cytosine methylation is generally found in eukaryotic cells whilst both but mainly adenine methylation can be found in bacteria.[1] DNA methylation results in the addition of a methyl group to carbon five in the respective base by the enzyme DNA methylase, so using the example of cytosine when methylated it becomes 5-methylcystosine[2]. This change often occurs in the major grooves of the DNA strand, resulting in transcription factors being unable to bind to the area[3].
The effect of DNA methylation is that those areas of the DNA are not sequenced and therefore the affected genes are silenced, proceeding to show phenotypic change.
References
- ↑ D. T. Meštrović, "DNA Methylation in Bacteria," News Medical Life Sciences and Medicine, 10 09 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.news-medical.net/health/DNA-Methylation-in-Bacteria.aspx. [Accessed 23 11 2015].
- ↑ D. L. a. E. W. Jones, "Genetics Analysis of Genes and Genomes 7th Edition," in Epigenetic Mechanisms of Transcriptional Regulation, London, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 20009, p. 411.
- ↑ Klug WS, Cummings MR, Spencer CA, Palladino MA. Concepts of genetics. 11th ed. Harlow (England): Pearson; 2016. p. 708-17