Glucose homeostasis: Difference between revisions
Created page with "<u>Glucose Homeostatsis</u> is the balance of two hormones (insulin and glucagon) to maintain the blood glucose level. When the blood glucose level is ..." |
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When the blood glucose level is <u>high</u>, the beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas stimulate the release of insulin into the blood.<span style="font-size: 11.0667px;"> </span>This causes a series of events to occur. | When the blood glucose level is <u>high</u>, the beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas stimulate the release of insulin into the blood.<span style="font-size: 11.0667px;"> </span>This causes a series of events to occur. | ||
These include<ref>Nursing, Allied Health and Other Health-related Educational Grant Program. Available from: http://www.austincc.edu/apreview/EmphasisItems/Glucose_regulation.html</ref>: | These include<ref>Nursing, Allied Health and Other Health-related Educational Grant Program. [cited 03/12/17]. Available from: http://www.austincc.edu/apreview/EmphasisItems/Glucose_regulation.html</ref>: | ||
*Incresed rate of glucose transport into the cells. | *Incresed rate of glucose transport into the cells. | ||
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An example of when this might occur is after you have eaten a meal or overindulged in chocloate. | An example of when this might occur is after you have eaten a meal or overindulged in chocloate. | ||
[[Diabetes|Diabetes]] is a disorder where the immune system attack the beta cells so insulin cannot be produced (Type I) or where the tissues in the body responds to insulin at a much slower rate (Type II)<ref>Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD. Diabetes Sympotoms (Type 1 and Type 2). Available from: https://www.medicinenet.com/diabetes_mellitus/article.htm</ref>. | [[Diabetes|Diabetes]] is a disorder where the immune system attack the beta cells so insulin cannot be produced (Type I) or where the tissues in the body responds to insulin at a much slower rate (Type II)<ref>Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD. Diabetes Sympotoms (Type 1 and Type 2). [cited 03/12/17]. Available from: https://www.medicinenet.com/diabetes_mellitus/article.htm</ref>. | ||
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When the blood glucose level is <u>low</u>, the alpha cells in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas stimulate the release of glucagon into the blood. Similarly, this causes a series of events which include<ref>Nursing, Allied Health and Other Health-related Educational Grant Program. Available from: http://www.austincc.edu/apreview/EmphasisItems/Glucose_regulation.html</ref>: | When the blood glucose level is <u>low</u>, the alpha cells in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas stimulate the release of glucagon into the blood. Similarly, this causes a series of events which include<ref>Nursing, Allied Health and Other Health-related Educational Grant Program. [cited 03/12/17]. Available from: http://www.austincc.edu/apreview/EmphasisItems/Glucose_regulation.html</ref>: | ||
*Increased breakdown of glycogen to glucose. | *Increased breakdown of glycogen to glucose. | ||
Revision as of 16:20, 3 December 2017
Glucose Homeostatsis is the balance of two hormones (insulin and glucagon) to maintain the blood glucose level.
When the blood glucose level is high, the beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas stimulate the release of insulin into the blood. This causes a series of events to occur.
These include[1]:
- Incresed rate of glucose transport into the cells.
- Increased rate of ATP generation.
- Increased amount of glucose converted to glycogen.
- Increased protein synthesis.
The result of all these actions (most importantly glucose converted to glycogen) causes the blood glucose concentration to decrease and return back to the optimum concentration. The stimulus for insulin to be released also decreases.
An example of when this might occur is after you have eaten a meal or overindulged in chocloate.
Diabetes is a disorder where the immune system attack the beta cells so insulin cannot be produced (Type I) or where the tissues in the body responds to insulin at a much slower rate (Type II)[2].
When the blood glucose level is low, the alpha cells in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas stimulate the release of glucagon into the blood. Similarly, this causes a series of events which include[3]:
- Increased breakdown of glycogen to glucose.
- Increased breakdown of fatty acids.
- Increased synthesis of glucose.
Glucose can then be released into the blood from the liver, where the blood glucose concentration rises and returns back to the optimum concentration. The stimulus for glucagon release decreases.
Such processes occur during starvation or kidney failure[4].
This regulartory process is an example of negative feedback.
References
- ↑ Nursing, Allied Health and Other Health-related Educational Grant Program. [cited 03/12/17]. Available from: http://www.austincc.edu/apreview/EmphasisItems/Glucose_regulation.html
- ↑ Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD. Diabetes Sympotoms (Type 1 and Type 2). [cited 03/12/17]. Available from: https://www.medicinenet.com/diabetes_mellitus/article.htm
- ↑ Nursing, Allied Health and Other Health-related Educational Grant Program. [cited 03/12/17]. Available from: http://www.austincc.edu/apreview/EmphasisItems/Glucose_regulation.html
- ↑ Lefebvre PJ, Luyckx AS. Glucagon and the kidney. In GLUCAGON: Its Role in Physiology and Clinical Medicine 1977 (pp. 167-176). Springer, New York, NY