Xenophagy: Difference between revisions
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Xenophagy is the process of [[Autophagy]] by which cytosolic or vacuole-dwelling pathogens are degraded<ref>Leigh A. Knodler and Jean Celli. Eating the strangers within: host control of intracellular bacteria via xenophagy. Cell Microbiol. 2011. 9, 1319-1327</ref>. These pathogens are recognised non-specifically by their lipopolysaccharide or peptidoglycan outer layers and are resultantly engulphed into autophagosomes (double-membraned organelles)<ref>Leigh A. Knodler and Jean Celli. Eating the strangers within: host control of intracellular bacteria via xenophagy. Cell Microbiol. 2011. 9, 1319-1327</ref>. This autophagosome migrates to and fuses with a lysosome, releasing its contents into the lysosome where they are then hydrolysed by degradative enzymes<ref>Cell Research: Yuchen Feng, Ding He, Zhiyuan Yao & Daniel J Klionsky: The machinery of macroautophagy: 2013 [cited 20/11/2018] | Xenophagy is the process of [[Autophagy]] by which [[cytosolic|cytosolic]] or vacuole-dwelling [[pathogens|pathogens]] are degraded<ref>Leigh A. Knodler and Jean Celli. Eating the strangers within: host control of intracellular bacteria via xenophagy. Cell Microbiol. 2011. 9, 1319-1327</ref>. These pathogens are recognised non-specifically by their [[lipopolysaccharide|lipopolysaccharide]] or [[peptidoglycan|peptidoglycan]] outer layers and are resultantly engulphed into autophagosomes (double-membraned organelles)<ref>Leigh A. Knodler and Jean Celli. Eating the strangers within: host control of intracellular bacteria via xenophagy. Cell Microbiol. 2011. 9, 1319-1327</ref>. This autophagosome migrates to and fuses with a [[lysosome|lysosome]], releasing its contents into the lysosome where they are then hydrolysed by degradative [[enzymes|enzymes]]<ref>Cell Research: Yuchen Feng, Ding He, Zhiyuan Yao &amp;amp; Daniel J Klionsky: The machinery of macroautophagy: 2013 [cited 20/11/2018] Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/cr2013168#abstract</ref>. | ||
Available from: | |||
https://www.nature.com/articles/cr2013168#abstract</ref>. | |||
Xenophagy plays a key role in innate immunity - pathogens can be recognised by general pathogenic characteristics and destroyed before they cause infection in cells, thus an immune response is not required<ref>Leigh A. Knodler and Jean Celli. Eating the strangers within: host control of intracellular bacteria via xenophagy. Cell Microbiol. 2011. 9, 1319-1327</ref>. | Xenophagy plays a key role in [[innate immunity|innate immunity]] - pathogens can be recognised by general pathogenic characteristics and destroyed before they cause infection in cells, thus an immune response is not required<ref>Leigh A. Knodler and Jean Celli. Eating the strangers within: host control of intracellular bacteria via xenophagy. Cell Microbiol. 2011. 9, 1319-1327</ref>. | ||
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Latest revision as of 13:12, 17 December 2018
Xenophagy is the process of Autophagy by which cytosolic or vacuole-dwelling pathogens are degraded[1]. These pathogens are recognised non-specifically by their lipopolysaccharide or peptidoglycan outer layers and are resultantly engulphed into autophagosomes (double-membraned organelles)[2]. This autophagosome migrates to and fuses with a lysosome, releasing its contents into the lysosome where they are then hydrolysed by degradative enzymes[3].
Xenophagy plays a key role in innate immunity - pathogens can be recognised by general pathogenic characteristics and destroyed before they cause infection in cells, thus an immune response is not required[4].
References
- ↑ Leigh A. Knodler and Jean Celli. Eating the strangers within: host control of intracellular bacteria via xenophagy. Cell Microbiol. 2011. 9, 1319-1327
- ↑ Leigh A. Knodler and Jean Celli. Eating the strangers within: host control of intracellular bacteria via xenophagy. Cell Microbiol. 2011. 9, 1319-1327
- ↑ Cell Research: Yuchen Feng, Ding He, Zhiyuan Yao &amp; Daniel J Klionsky: The machinery of macroautophagy: 2013 [cited 20/11/2018] Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/cr2013168#abstract
- ↑ Leigh A. Knodler and Jean Celli. Eating the strangers within: host control of intracellular bacteria via xenophagy. Cell Microbiol. 2011. 9, 1319-1327