Receptors: Difference between revisions
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Receptors are vital to [[Cell|cell]] communication in various different forms of signalling - [[Paracrine|paracrine]], [[Synaptic|synaptic]], [[Endocrine|endocrine]] etc. They are [[Proteins|proteins]] that bind specific signal [[Molecules|molecules]] to trigger a response from the target cell. Receptors can be [[Transmembrane proteins|transmembrane proteins]] found on the extracellular surface of target cells, or they can be found inside the cell. In the case of [[Intracellular receptors|intracellular receptors]] the signalling molecule must enter the cell to activate the receptor <ref>Alberts et al., p.880, 2008, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th edition</ref>.<br> | Receptors are vital to [[Cell|cell]] communication in various different forms of signalling - [[Paracrine|paracrine]], [[Synaptic|synaptic]], [[Endocrine|endocrine]] etc. They are [[Proteins|proteins]] that bind specific signal [[Molecules|molecules]] to trigger a response from the target cell. Receptors can be [[Transmembrane proteins|transmembrane proteins]] found on the extracellular surface of target cells, or they can be found inside the cell. In the case of [[Intracellular receptors|intracellular receptors]] the signalling molecule must enter the cell to activate the receptor <ref>Alberts et al., p.880, 2008, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th edition</ref>.<br> | ||
There can also be more than one receptor for a specific [[Ligand|ligand]], which causes different effects and cellular responses depending on the tissue type and receptor [[ | There can also be more than one receptor for a specific [[Ligand|ligand]], which causes different effects and cellular responses depending on the tissue type and receptor [[Isoform|isoform]]<ref>Silverthorn, D. U. (2010)fckLRHuman Physiology, 5th edition, San Francisco: Pearson Education, Inc.fckLRChapter 6: page 194, Chapter 8: page 278</ref>. For example, there are 5 subtypes of [[Cholinergic muscarinic receptors|cholinergic muscarinic receptors]] (M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5). When stimulated by the ligand [[Acetylcholine|Acetylcholine]], each receptor type has a different function and downstream effect. | ||
=== References === | === References === | ||
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Revision as of 00:57, 20 October 2013
Receptors are vital to cell communication in various different forms of signalling - paracrine, synaptic, endocrine etc. They are proteins that bind specific signal molecules to trigger a response from the target cell. Receptors can be transmembrane proteins found on the extracellular surface of target cells, or they can be found inside the cell. In the case of intracellular receptors the signalling molecule must enter the cell to activate the receptor [1].
There can also be more than one receptor for a specific ligand, which causes different effects and cellular responses depending on the tissue type and receptor isoform[2]. For example, there are 5 subtypes of cholinergic muscarinic receptors (M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5). When stimulated by the ligand Acetylcholine, each receptor type has a different function and downstream effect.