Carboxyllic acid: Difference between revisions
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Carboxylic acids are organic compounds which contain a carboxyl group (COOH)<ref>Jim Clark. Introducing Carboxylic Acids. 2004. [cited 03/12/17]. Available from: https://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/acids/background.html</ref>. | |||
=== | === Naming === | ||
You always name carboxylic acids from the first carbon atom on the COOH group. This carbon atom is always counted as carbon number 1 regardless of how many other side chains there are | You always name carboxylic acids from the first carbon atom on the COOH group. This carbon atom is always counted as carbon number 1 regardless of how many other side chains there are in the compound. | ||
=== | === Examples of Carboxylic acids === | ||
The shortest carboxylic acid is [[Methanoic acid|methanoic acid]] and its chemical formula is CH3COOH. Other examples include ethanoic acid, 2 methyl butanoic acid etc. | The shortest carboxylic acid is [[Methanoic acid|methanoic acid]] and its chemical formula is CH3COOH. Other examples include ethanoic acid, 2 methyl butanoic acid etc. | ||
=== | === Formation === | ||
Primary alcohols can be [[Oxidised|oxidised]] through heating under reflux with potassium dichromate solution to produce carboxylic acids. Other ways of producing carboxylic acids include [[Hydrolysing|hydrolysing]] nitriles through acid or alkali hydrolysis<ref>LibreTexts. Preparation of Carboxylic Acids. 2015. [cited 03/12/17]. Available from: https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Organic_Chemistry/Carboxylic_Acids/Synthesis_of_Carboxylic_Acids/Preparation_of_carboxylic_acids</ref>. | Primary alcohols can be [[Oxidised|oxidised]] through heating under reflux with potassium dichromate solution to produce carboxylic acids. Other ways of producing carboxylic acids include [[Hydrolysing|hydrolysing]] nitriles through acid or alkali hydrolysis<ref>LibreTexts. Preparation of Carboxylic Acids. 2015. [cited 03/12/17]. Available from: https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Organic_Chemistry/Carboxylic_Acids/Synthesis_of_Carboxylic_Acids/Preparation_of_carboxylic_acids</ref>. | ||
=== | === Physical properties === | ||
Carboxylic acids have slightly higher boiling points than [[Alcohol|alcohols]] due to stronger | Carboxylic acids have slightly higher boiling points than [[Alcohol|alcohols]] due to stronger [[Hydrogen bonding|hydrogen bonding]]. | ||
Smaller chain carboxylic acids are relatively soluble in water. However the bigger acids tend to be less soluble due to the hydrocarbon tails breaking hydrogen bonds between water molecules and the carboxylic acid. | Smaller chain carboxylic acids are relatively soluble in water. However, the bigger acids tend to be less soluble due to the hydrocarbon tails breaking hydrogen bonds between water molecules and the carboxylic acid. | ||
=== References === | |||
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Revision as of 21:11, 4 December 2017
Carboxylic acids are organic compounds which contain a carboxyl group (COOH)[1].
Naming
You always name carboxylic acids from the first carbon atom on the COOH group. This carbon atom is always counted as carbon number 1 regardless of how many other side chains there are in the compound.
Examples of Carboxylic acids
The shortest carboxylic acid is methanoic acid and its chemical formula is CH3COOH. Other examples include ethanoic acid, 2 methyl butanoic acid etc.
Formation
Primary alcohols can be oxidised through heating under reflux with potassium dichromate solution to produce carboxylic acids. Other ways of producing carboxylic acids include hydrolysing nitriles through acid or alkali hydrolysis[2].
Physical properties
Carboxylic acids have slightly higher boiling points than alcohols due to stronger hydrogen bonding.
Smaller chain carboxylic acids are relatively soluble in water. However, the bigger acids tend to be less soluble due to the hydrocarbon tails breaking hydrogen bonds between water molecules and the carboxylic acid.
References
- ↑ Jim Clark. Introducing Carboxylic Acids. 2004. [cited 03/12/17]. Available from: https://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/acids/background.html
- ↑ LibreTexts. Preparation of Carboxylic Acids. 2015. [cited 03/12/17]. Available from: https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Organic_Chemistry/Carboxylic_Acids/Synthesis_of_Carboxylic_Acids/Preparation_of_carboxylic_acids