Autosomal chromosomes: Difference between revisions
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An autosomal [[Chromosome|chromosome]] is any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. Autosomal chromosomes are symmetrically inherited from the parents. They carry genetic information and are present in the [[Nucleus|nucleus]] of all cells, alongside the [[Sex chromosomes|sex chromosomes]] <ref>Alberts, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts, Walter, (2008), Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th edition, New York: Garland Science</ref>. | An autosomal [[Chromosome|chromosome]] (also known as an autosome) is any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. Autosomal chromosomes are symmetrically inherited from the parents. ''Homo sapiens ''have 44 of them, 22 inherited by the mother and 22 by the father. They carry genetic information and are present in the [[Nucleus|nucleus]] of all cells, alongside the [[Sex chromosomes|sex chromosomes]] <ref>Alberts, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts, Walter, (2008), Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th edition, New York: Garland Science</ref> | ||
<u>'''Diseases and Birth defects'''</u> | |||
<u</u>A number of diseases and birth defects can be attributed to the mutated alleles which are situated on them, which includes: [https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki/index.php/Cystic_fibrosis Cystic fibrosis], [https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki/index.php/Sickle_cell_anemia Sickle cell anemia], Tay-Sachs disease and many more. | |||
'''Trisomies''' | |||
A more well known birth defect, known as Trisomy 21 ([https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki/index.php/Down_Syndrome Down syndrome]) results in [https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki/index.php/Nondisjunction nondisjunction], which is when homologous chromosomes do not seperate during [https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki/index.php/Meiosis meosis]. This results in an extra chromosome 21, thus resulting in 45 autsomes. Other trisomies include: Trisomy 13 ([https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki/index.php/Patau_syndrome Patau syndrome]) and Trisomy 18 ([https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki/index.php/Edwards_Syndrome Edward's syndrome]). | |||
=== References === | === References === | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
<ref>“Default - Stanford Children's Health.” Autosomal Recessive: Cystic Fibrosis, Sickle Cell Anemia, Tay Sachs Disease, www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=autosomal-recessive-cystic-fibrosis-sickle-cell-anemia-tay-sachs-disease-90-P02142.</ref> | |||
Revision as of 12:31, 22 October 2018
An autosomal chromosome (also known as an autosome) is any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. Autosomal chromosomes are symmetrically inherited from the parents. Homo sapiens have 44 of them, 22 inherited by the mother and 22 by the father. They carry genetic information and are present in the nucleus of all cells, alongside the sex chromosomes [1]
Diseases and Birth defects
<uA number of diseases and birth defects can be attributed to the mutated alleles which are situated on them, which includes: Cystic fibrosis, Sickle cell anemia, Tay-Sachs disease and many more.
Trisomies
A more well known birth defect, known as Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) results in nondisjunction, which is when homologous chromosomes do not seperate during meosis. This results in an extra chromosome 21, thus resulting in 45 autsomes. Other trisomies include: Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome) and Trisomy 18 (Edward's syndrome).
References
- ↑ Alberts, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts, Walter, (2008), Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th edition, New York: Garland Science
- ↑ “Default - Stanford Children's Health.” Autosomal Recessive: Cystic Fibrosis, Sickle Cell Anemia, Tay Sachs Disease, www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=autosomal-recessive-cystic-fibrosis-sickle-cell-anemia-tay-sachs-disease-90-P02142.