Parathyroid gland: Difference between revisions

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The parathyroid gland is four or five small glands located at the back of the neck, behind the [[thyroid|thyroid]]<ref>KT. Patton, GA. Thibodeau. Anatomy and Physiology. 21st ed. St Louis,, Missouri: Elsevier; 2016.</ref><ref>Norman Parathyroid Centre. Parathyroid gland Introduction. Availableat:https://www.parathyroid.com/parathyroid.htm. Accesed on: 24/10/2018.</ref>. It is composed of irregular rows of cells<ref>KT. Patton, GA. Thibodeau. Anatomy and Physiology. 21st ed. St Louis,, Missouri: Elsevier; 2016.</ref>.


The parathyroid gland are four or five small glands located at the back of the neck, behind the thyroid<sup>1,2</sup>. It is composed of irregular rows of cells <sup>1</sup>.
=== Function  ===


<br>  
The parathyroid gland secretes [[parathyroid hormone|parathyroid hormones]] (PTH) which regulates [[calcium|calcium]] in the body<ref>KT. Patton, GA. Thibodeau. Anatomy and Physiology. 21st ed. St Louis,, Missouri: Elsevier; 2016.</ref>. PTH acts on [[bone|bone]] and [[kidney|kidney]] cells<ref>KT. Patton, GA. Thibodeau. Anatomy and Physiology. 21st ed. St Louis,, Missouri: Elsevier; 2016.</ref>. In bones, it causes a reduction in new bone formation and dissolution of old bones<ref>KT. Patton, GA. Thibodeau. Anatomy and Physiology. 21st ed. St Louis,, Missouri: Elsevier; 2016.</ref>. This releases calcium and [[phosphate|phosphate]] into the [[blood|blood]].


<br>  
PTH also activates [[vitamin D|vitamin D]] which increases the absorption of calcium in the [[small intestine|small intestine]]<ref>F.Bronner. Mechanisms of Intestinal Absorption. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry.2003;88(2): 387-393. Available at: https://doi.org/101002/jcb.10330. Accessed on: 24/10/2018</ref>.


== Function&nbsp;  ==
=== References ===


The parathyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormones (PTH) which regulates calcium in the body<sup>1</sup>. PTH acts on bone and kidney cells<sup>1</sup>. In bones, it causes reduction in new bone formation and dissolution of old bones<sup>1</sup>. This relases calcium and phosphate into the blood.
<references />
 
PTH also activates vitamin D which increases the absorption of calcium in the small intestine<sup>3</sup>.
 
<br>
 
== Parathyroid Pathology  ==
 
== Bibliography  ==
 
1. KT. Patton, GA. Thibodeau. ''Anatomy and Physiology''. 21st ed. St Louis,, Missouri: Elsevier; 2016.
 
2.Norman Parathyroid Centre.&nbsp;''Parathyroid gland Introduction.''&nbsp;Availableat:https://www.parathyroid.com/parathyroid.htm. Accesed on: 24/10/2018.<sup></sup>
 
3. F.Bronner. Mechanisms of Intestinal Absorption. ''Journal of Cellular Biochemistry''.2003;88(2): 387-393. Available at: https://doi.org/101002/jcb.10330. Accessed on: 24/10/2018

Latest revision as of 11:49, 24 October 2018

The parathyroid gland is four or five small glands located at the back of the neck, behind the thyroid[1][2]. It is composed of irregular rows of cells[3].

Function

The parathyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormones (PTH) which regulates calcium in the body[4]. PTH acts on bone and kidney cells[5]. In bones, it causes a reduction in new bone formation and dissolution of old bones[6]. This releases calcium and phosphate into the blood.

PTH also activates vitamin D which increases the absorption of calcium in the small intestine[7].

References

  1. ↑ KT. Patton, GA. Thibodeau. Anatomy and Physiology. 21st ed. St Louis,, Missouri: Elsevier; 2016.
  2. ↑ Norman Parathyroid Centre. Parathyroid gland Introduction. Availableat:https://www.parathyroid.com/parathyroid.htm. Accesed on: 24/10/2018.
  3. ↑ KT. Patton, GA. Thibodeau. Anatomy and Physiology. 21st ed. St Louis,, Missouri: Elsevier; 2016.
  4. ↑ KT. Patton, GA. Thibodeau. Anatomy and Physiology. 21st ed. St Louis,, Missouri: Elsevier; 2016.
  5. ↑ KT. Patton, GA. Thibodeau. Anatomy and Physiology. 21st ed. St Louis,, Missouri: Elsevier; 2016.
  6. ↑ KT. Patton, GA. Thibodeau. Anatomy and Physiology. 21st ed. St Louis,, Missouri: Elsevier; 2016.
  7. ↑ F.Bronner. Mechanisms of Intestinal Absorption. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry.2003;88(2): 387-393. Available at: https://doi.org/101002/jcb.10330. Accessed on: 24/10/2018
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