Yeast: Difference between revisions
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Yeast is a [[Eukaryotes|eukaryotic]], unicellular [[Organism|organism]] and belongs to the kingdom of [[Fungi|fungi]]. They can be shperical, cylindrical and filamentous, and usually replicate by [[Budding|budding]]. Budding is when a new cell grows out from the old cell, and then separates from each other. Yeasts survive best in conditions with high sugar concentrations, and are able to survive in [[Anaerobic respiration|anaerobically]] and [[Aerobic respiration|aerobically]], meaning that they are [[Faculative aerobes|faculative aerobes]] <ref>Brock Biology of Microorganisms, Madigan at al, 11ed. Pearson education, 1970, San Francisco</ref>.<br> | Yeast is a [[Eukaryotes|eukaryotic]], unicellular [[Organism|organism]] and belongs to the kingdom of [[Fungi|fungi]]. They can be shperical, cylindrical and filamentous, and usually replicate by [[Budding|budding]]. Budding is when a new cell grows out from the old cell, and then separates from each other. Yeasts survive best in conditions with high sugar concentrations, and are able to survive in [[Anaerobic respiration|anaerobically]] and [[Aerobic respiration|aerobically]], meaning that they are [[Faculative aerobes|faculative aerobes]] <ref>Brock Biology of Microorganisms, Madigan at al, 11ed. Pearson education, 1970, San Francisco</ref>.<br> | ||
== Types == | === Types === | ||
[[Saccharomyces cerevisiae|Saccharomyces cerevisae]] (or Baker's yeast) is a common form of yeast often used as a [[Model organism|model organism]] due to it's [[Eukaryotic|eukaryotic]] processes, similar to those of animal [[Cell|cells]] <ref>Alberts et al. (2008:33-34), Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th edition, New York: Garland Science</ref>. The presence of mitochondria in S.Cerevisae is key in this. In addition, much has been learned about the eukaryotic cell division cycle from the study of this organism, as the yeast can reproduce sexually as well as asexually. | [[Saccharomyces cerevisiae|Saccharomyces cerevisae]] (or Baker's yeast) is a common form of yeast often used as a [[Model organism|model organism]] due to it's [[Eukaryotic|eukaryotic]] processes, similar to those of animal [[Cell|cells]] <ref>Alberts et al. (2008:33-34), Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th edition, New York: Garland Science</ref>. The presence of mitochondria in S.Cerevisae is key in this. In addition, much has been learned about the eukaryotic cell division cycle from the study of this organism, as the yeast can reproduce sexually as well as asexually. <br> | ||
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This species of yeast may replicate asexually by budding. [[Parent cell|Parent cells]] in cerevisae can be differentiated by [[Scars|scars]] formed from budding. | This species of yeast may replicate asexually by budding. [[Parent cell|Parent cells]] in cerevisae can be differentiated by [[Scars|scars]] formed from budding. | ||
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The species ''[[Schizosaccharomyces pombe|Schizosaccharomyces pombe]]'' (fission yeast) replicates by elongation then splitting. ''S. pombe'' is used in the production of african beer. Breakthroughs in science involve using this [[Model organism|model organism]] to study the checkpoint chemicals used to control the [[Cell cycle|cell cycle]] which is a major discovery in cancer chemistry. | The species ''[[Schizosaccharomyces pombe|Schizosaccharomyces pombe]]'' (fission yeast) replicates by elongation then splitting. ''S. pombe'' is used in the production of african beer. Breakthroughs in science involve using this [[Model organism|model organism]] to study the checkpoint chemicals used to control the [[Cell cycle|cell cycle]] which is a major discovery in cancer chemistry. | ||
In addition, sexual reproduction may occur, in which two haploid S. | In addition, sexual reproduction may occur, in which two haploid ''S. cerevisae'' fuse to form a haploid cell. <br> | ||
Another species; ''[[Candidia albicans|Candidia albicans]]'', is responsible for some [[Vagina|vaginial]], [[Lung|lung]] and mouth [[Infection|infections]], is a filamentous yeast. Its shape is whats allows it to be [[Pathogen|pathogenic]]. | Another species; ''[[Candidia albicans|Candidia albicans]]'', is responsible for some [[Vagina|vaginial]], [[Lung|lung]] and mouth [[Infection|infections]], is a filamentous yeast. Its shape is whats allows it to be [[Pathogen|pathogenic]] <ref>B Alberts, A Johnson, J Lewis, M Raff, K Roberts, P Walter, 2008, Molecular biology of the cell, 5th edition, New York : Garland Science pp. 33-34</ref>. | ||
=== References === | === References === | ||
<references /> | <references /><br> | ||
Revision as of 03:54, 25 October 2013
Yeast is a eukaryotic, unicellular organism and belongs to the kingdom of fungi. They can be shperical, cylindrical and filamentous, and usually replicate by budding. Budding is when a new cell grows out from the old cell, and then separates from each other. Yeasts survive best in conditions with high sugar concentrations, and are able to survive in anaerobically and aerobically, meaning that they are faculative aerobes [1].
Types
Saccharomyces cerevisae (or Baker's yeast) is a common form of yeast often used as a model organism due to it's eukaryotic processes, similar to those of animal cells [2]. The presence of mitochondria in S.Cerevisae is key in this. In addition, much has been learned about the eukaryotic cell division cycle from the study of this organism, as the yeast can reproduce sexually as well as asexually.
This species of yeast may replicate asexually by budding. Parent cells in cerevisae can be differentiated by scars formed from budding.
The species Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) replicates by elongation then splitting. S. pombe is used in the production of african beer. Breakthroughs in science involve using this model organism to study the checkpoint chemicals used to control the cell cycle which is a major discovery in cancer chemistry.
In addition, sexual reproduction may occur, in which two haploid S. cerevisae fuse to form a haploid cell.
Another species; Candidia albicans, is responsible for some vaginial, lung and mouth infections, is a filamentous yeast. Its shape is whats allows it to be pathogenic [3].
References
- ↑ Brock Biology of Microorganisms, Madigan at al, 11ed. Pearson education, 1970, San Francisco
- ↑ Alberts et al. (2008:33-34), Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th edition, New York: Garland Science
- ↑ B Alberts, A Johnson, J Lewis, M Raff, K Roberts, P Walter, 2008, Molecular biology of the cell, 5th edition, New York : Garland Science pp. 33-34