Transformation

 Transformation occurs when a cell takes up genetic material, usually exogenous DNA, from its surroundings and undergos genetic alteration. It can occur naturally or be induced artificially. The most common known incidences of transformation occurs in bacteria, such as Escherichia coli

Transformation is one of the three process by which exogenous genetic material may be introduced into a bacteria cell. The two other processes being transduction and conjugation.