GLUT transporter

GLUT transporters are an example of uniport carrier proteins^[1]. They are integral membrane proteins that are responsible for the facilitated diffusion of glucose into cells such as erythrocytes (GLUT 1) and liver cells (GLUT 2)^[2]. It can allow glucose to move into cells when concentration is high in the plasma (but low intracellular levels) or remove it from cells where plasma glucose concentration is low and extracellular levels are high. GLUT transporters are not active transporters, they make use of the chemical gradient that exists between the inside and outside of the plasma membrane [3].

GLUT 1

GLUT 1 is the name of the GLUT transporter on the plasma membrane of erythrocytes [4]. It's presence allow glucose to enter the cell 50,000 times faster than by normal diffusion^[5]. The protein consists of 12 hydrophobic transbembrane segments^[6]. GLUT 1 has two different conformational states which allow it to transport glucose across the membrane^[7] When the substrate (glucose) binds to the protein in its T₁ state (binding site exposed to the outside of the cell) a conformational change is induced in the protein, it shifts to the T2 conformational state, allowing it to release glucose into the cell^[8]. This can occur in reverse when extracellular glucose levels are lower than intracellular levels.

References

↑ Becker W, Kleinsmith L, Hardin J (2004). The World of the Cell, 6th edition, p201. San Francisco: Pearson Education.
↑ Becker W, Kleinsmith L, Hardin J (2004). The World of the Cell, 6th edition, p201. San Francisco: Pearson Education.
↑ Becker W, Kleinsmith L, Hardin J (2004). The World of the Cell, 6th edition, p201. San Francisco: Pearson Education.
↑ Becker W, Kleinsmith L, Hardin J (2004). The World of the Cell, 6th edition, p201. San Francisco: Pearson Education.
↑ Becker W, Kleinsmith L, Hardin J (2004). The World of the Cell, 6th edition, p201. San Francisco: Pearson Education.
↑ Becker W, Kleinsmith L, Hardin J (2004). The World of the Cell, 6th edition, p201. San Francisco: Pearson Education.
↑ Becker W, Kleinsmith L, Hardin J (2004). The World of the Cell, 6th edition, p202. San Francisco: Pearson Education.
↑ Becker W, Kleinsmith L, Hardin J (2004). The World of the Cell, 6th edition, p202. San Francisco: Pearson Education.

[1] Becker W, Kleinsmith L, Hardin J (2004). The World of the Cell, 6th edition, p201. San Francisco: Pearson Education.

[2] Becker W, Kleinsmith L, Hardin J (2004). The World of the Cell, 6th edition, p201. San Francisco: Pearson Education.

[3] Becker W, Kleinsmith L, Hardin J (2004). The World of the Cell, 6th edition, p201. San Francisco: Pearson Education.

[4] Becker W, Kleinsmith L, Hardin J (2004). The World of the Cell, 6th edition, p201. San Francisco: Pearson Education.

[5] Becker W, Kleinsmith L, Hardin J (2004). The World of the Cell, 6th edition, p201. San Francisco: Pearson Education.

[6] Becker W, Kleinsmith L, Hardin J (2004). The World of the Cell, 6th edition, p201. San Francisco: Pearson Education.

[7] Becker W, Kleinsmith L, Hardin J (2004). The World of the Cell, 6th edition, p202. San Francisco: Pearson Education.

[8] Becker W, Kleinsmith L, Hardin J (2004). The World of the Cell, 6th edition, p202. San Francisco: Pearson Education.

[1]

[2]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

GLUT transporter

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