Ras pathway
This is a chain reaction between proteins which brings about a cellular response to a stimulus. Once a stimulus has attached to a receptor on the cell surface membrane the pathway is driven by phosphorylation of proteins in a kinase cascade leading to the transcription of a gene in the nucleus then translation of the mRNA into a protein to change the cell state.
Orton RJ, Sturm OE, Vyshemirsky V, Calder M, Gilbert DR, Kolch W (2005) Computational modelling of the receptor-tyrosine-kinase-activated MAPK pathway The Biochemical journal 392(2):249–61
(The tabs for referencing aren't working so I have just provided the reference that I used.)