Beta cell

Beta cells are one of the five main types of cells (Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma, Epsilon), that are presesnt in the pancreas, and more specifically, the Islets of Langerhans^1.

Function

The main function of the beta cells is the synthesis, storage and secretion of Insulin - a Hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of Blood glucose levels. In addition to this, they also secrete the peptide known as Amylin, another regulator of the glucose levels in the blood^2. 

Beta Cells in Diabetes Type 1

In Type I diabetes the body's immune system destroys the beta cells in the islets of langerhans.  This prevents the cells from producing and releasing insulin into the bloodstream and thus there is no efficient regulation of blood glucose levels.  

¹  Types of Cells in the Pancreas [Internet]. Boundless. 2016 [cited 4 December 2016]. Available from: https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/endocrine-system-16/the-pancreas-159/types-of-cells-in-the-pancreas-798-365/

² Beta Cells - What They Do, Role in Insulin [Internet]. Diabetes.co.uk. 2016 [cited 4 December 2016]. Available from: http://www.diabetes.co.uk/body/beta-cells.html