Ethics
According to the Oxford Dictionary, 'ethics' are defined as:
'One's actions, behaviour or conduct as governed by moral principles'
In the context of biomedical research, ethics refer to the methods and practice of scientists in relation to the treatment and respect of their subjects (both human and non-human) in and outside the lab [1].
The use of humans and non-human animals in biomedical research is a highly controversial topic which has resulted in the introduction of many laws[2]. Animals are models used for studying human biology and disease with the aim of making advancements in human health. Scientists aim to replicate certain mutations/diseases that are present in humans into animals in the lab to then further research the causes and implications of the mutation and try potential treatments.
In order to be able to give consent in a clinical trial the subject must:
- Have capacity
- be informed adequately
- and give consent without being coerced
There are four principles of biomedical ethics:
- Respect for autonomy - each person is entitled to the right of making their desicion
- Beneficence - the patient's benefit must be healthcare professional's main priority
- Non-maleficence - harm to the patient must be avoided
- Justice - all benefits, costs and risks must be evenly and fairly distrubuted [3]
References
- ↑ Ethics definition, Oxford English Dictionaries © 2017 Oxford University Press [cited 19/10/17] available from: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ethics
- ↑ Mental Capacity Act 2005
- ↑ http://www.ukcen.net/ethical_issues/ethical_frameworks/the_four_principles_of_biomedical_ethics