Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase

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 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) are a family of kinases with vital roles among eukaryotes in the following cellular processes: proliferation, differentiation, movement, response to environmental changes, and death[1].  MAPKs phosphorylate and are phosphorylated on serine/threonine residues.  These kinases have been observed to function in cascades starting with Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase (MAPKKK) which phosphorylates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase (MAPKK) which finally phosphorylates a MAPKCite error: The opening <ref> tag is malformed or has a bad name.  The MAPK may either directly elicite a cellular action or phosphorylate an effector protein that will elicite a cellular responseCite error: The opening <ref> tag is malformed or has a bad name.  


  1. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Junttila MR Et. Al. (2008)

Junttila MR, Li SP, Westermarck J (2008) Phosphatase-mediated crosstalk between MAPK signaling pathways in the regulation of cell survival. FASEB J. 22(4), 954–65.