Methane

Methane is a hydrocarbon and it is the simplest alkane with the chemical formula CH₄. It is composed of a single carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms covalently bonded (single covalent bonds). This bonding gives a tetrahedral structure (109.5º).

Its natural production is mainly due to methanogenesis (a reaction carried out by methanogens). Through human activity, its presence is because of the losses during extractions of oil, gas and coal.

Methane is also considered a greenhouse gas, since it contributes to global warming. Its global warming potential is 30 (this is a measure of heat trapping effectiveness compared to CO₂).

Reactions

Complete combustion:

CH₄ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O

Incomplete combustion:

2 CH₄ + 4 O₂ → 2 CO₂ + 4 H₂O