Hydrogen ion

A Hydrogen ion is formed when a Hydrogen atom loses an electron and therefore becomes positively charged (it has a charge of +1). A hydrogen atom is therefore often referred to as just a proton, as it is left with only one proton and no electrons, as a H atom only has one of each. 

pH

pH is a measure of an atoms ability to dissociate from a Hydrogen ion. The more easily it does this, and consequently the higher the concentration of Hydrogen ions in a solution, the lower the pH. Substances with a pH lower than 7 are known as Acidic. Consequently, Hydrogen ions are important to any reaction dealing with acids and bases, and as such are extremely important to chemistry.