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Cyclins are a group of | Cyclins are a group of [[Proteins|protein]] used within the [[Cell cycle|cell cycle]]. They form complexes with [[Cdks|Cdk]] proteins and these complexes [[Phosphorylation|phosphorylate]] other proteins during control stages of the cell cycle. The synthesis of [[DNA|DNA]] and [[Mitosis|mitosis]] of [[Eukaryotic cells|eukaryotic]] cells are dependent on the formation of the [[Cyclin-Cdk|Cyclin-Cdk]] complexes, without the formation of these complexes checkpoints cannot be passed within the [[Cell cycle|cell cycle]] and cell division cannot occur<ref>Protoplasma. 2001;216(3-4):119-42. Cyclin/Cdk complexes: their involvement in cell cycle progression and mitotic division. John PC, Mews M, Moore R. SourcePlant Cell Biology Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.</ref>. Cyclin-Cdk complex contains inhibitory phosphates, and to become active, the Cdk must be dephosphorylated by a specific protein [[phosphatase|phosphatase]]<ref name="[1]">10. Alberts B. Essential cell biology. 1st ed. New York: Garland Science; 2014.</ref>. | ||
< | <sup></sup>Cyclins determine [[Substrate]] specificity and are a very diverse family of proteins (35 - 90 kDa). | ||
There are several different cyclins within Mammals and they all bind to different Cdks:<br> | |||
There are several different cyclins within Mammals and they all bind to different Cdks: | |||
<br> | |||
*Cyclin D1-3 bind to Cdk 4 & Cdk 6 - present during [[G1|G1]] | *Cyclin D1-3 bind to Cdk 4 & Cdk 6 - present during [[G1|G1]] | ||
*Cyclin E binds to Cdk 2 - present at the [[Restriction point|Restriction Point]] | *Cyclin E binds to Cdk 2 - present at the [[Restriction point|Restriction Point]] | ||
*Cyclin A binds to Cdk 2 - present during [[S phase|S phase]] | *Cyclin A binds to Cdk 2 - present during [[S phase|S phase]] | ||
*Cyclin B binds to Cdk 1 - present during [[G2|G2]] | *Cyclin B binds to Cdk 1 - present during [[G2|G2]]<br> | ||
=== References === | |||
<references /> | |||
Latest revision as of 17:43, 4 December 2016
Cyclins are a group of protein used within the cell cycle. They form complexes with Cdk proteins and these complexes phosphorylate other proteins during control stages of the cell cycle. The synthesis of DNA and mitosis of eukaryotic cells are dependent on the formation of the Cyclin-Cdk complexes, without the formation of these complexes checkpoints cannot be passed within the cell cycle and cell division cannot occur[1]. Cyclin-Cdk complex contains inhibitory phosphates, and to become active, the Cdk must be dephosphorylated by a specific protein phosphatase[2].
Cyclins determine Substrate specificity and are a very diverse family of proteins (35 - 90 kDa).
There are several different cyclins within Mammals and they all bind to different Cdks:
- Cyclin D1-3 bind to Cdk 4 & Cdk 6 - present during G1
- Cyclin E binds to Cdk 2 - present at the Restriction Point
- Cyclin A binds to Cdk 2 - present during S phase
- Cyclin B binds to Cdk 1 - present during G2
References
- ↑ Protoplasma. 2001;216(3-4):119-42. Cyclin/Cdk complexes: their involvement in cell cycle progression and mitotic division. John PC, Mews M, Moore R. SourcePlant Cell Biology Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
- ↑ 10. Alberts B. Essential cell biology. 1st ed. New York: Garland Science; 2014.