Epigenome: Difference between revisions
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Created page with " The Epigenome is a combination of many chemicals/proteins that are used to suppress or express (control) certain genes in a genome <sup>(1)</sup> . They..." |
Correctly added the references as described in the lecture. Removed some stray code. |
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The Epigenome is a combination of many chemicals/proteins that are used to suppress or express (control) certain [[Gene|genes]] in a [[Genome|genome]] <ref name="one">National Human Genome Research Institute, Epigenomics, April 1st 2016, citied 16th November 2017, https://www.genome.gov/27532724/epigenomics-fact-sheet/</ref>. They maintain control of the [[Genome|genome]] by the use of [[DNA methylation|methylation]] and the particular properties of [[Histones|histones]] <ref name="one">National Human Genome Research Institute, Epigenomics, April 1st 2016, citied 16th November 2017, https://www.genome.gov/27532724/epigenomics-fact-sheet/</ref>. Unlike the Genomic of [[Organisms|organisms]], epigenomic modification isn’t permanent allowing more adaptivity and flexibility to new environmental and lifestyle <ref name="two">Nature Education, Epigenomics: The New Tool in Studying Complex Diseases, 2008, citied 16th November 2017, https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/epigenomics-the-new-tool-in-studying-complex-694#</ref>. Epigenomic modifications don't physically change the genetics of the [[Organism|organism]] but like genomics, can be passed down for many generations<ref name="one">National Human Genome Research Institute, Epigenomics, April 1st 2016, citied 16th November 2017, https://www.genome.gov/27532724/epigenomics-fact-sheet/</ref>. Alteration of the epigenome is mainly seen in specialised cells to make them efficient in their function (this is done so by the process of deactivating/reactivating [[Gene|gene]] sequences in the [[Genome|genome]]) <ref name="one">National Human Genome Research Institute, Epigenomics, April 1st 2016, citied 16th November 2017, https://www.genome.gov/27532724/epigenomics-fact-sheet/</ref><span style="font-size: 11.0667px;">.</span> | |||
=== Influencers of the Epigenome === | |||
< | *The [[DNA|DNA]] of an [[Organism|organism]] is compacted into the cell using [[Histones|histones]] <ref name="one">National Human Genome Research Institute, Epigenomics, April 1st 2016, citied 16th November 2017, https://www.genome.gov/27532724/epigenomics-fact-sheet/</ref>. [[Histones|Histone]] influence epigenomics by modifying the degree of expression/inhibition of a specific [[Gene|gene]] depending on the tension of the [[DNA|DNA]] around them. [[DNA|DNA]] that is wrapped tighter around the [[Histones|histones]] has a more inhibitory factor of [[Gene|gene]] expression due to the [[Genes|genes]] being unavailable to modify leaving them in a deactivated response. [[Genes|Genes]] that are loosely wrapped [[Histones|histones]] are open for modification by [[DNA methylation|methylation]] and so are often activated and deactivated due to environmental stimuli. | ||
< | *Methylation is the "switch" function of epigenomics. This is due to the methyl group joining to the [[Histones|histone]]/[[Gene|gene]] forming an [[Epigenetics|epigenetic]] tag on it cause the total activation or deactivation of the [[Gene|gene]]<span style="font-size: 11.0667px;"> <ref name="two">Nature Education, Epigenomics: The New Tool in Studying Complex Diseases, 2008, citied 16th November 2017, https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/epigenomics-the-new-tool-in-studying-complex-694#</ref></span>. These tags bind to the [[Promoter|promoters]] of some influencing an inhibitory response preventing further [[Transcription|transcription]] of the [[Gene|gene]] <ref name="two">Nature Education, Epigenomics: The New Tool in Studying Complex Diseases, 2008, citied 16th November 2017, https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/epigenomics-the-new-tool-in-studying-complex-694#</ref>. | ||
=== References === | |||
< | <references /> | ||
Latest revision as of 09:11, 18 November 2017
The Epigenome is a combination of many chemicals/proteins that are used to suppress or express (control) certain genes in a genome [1]. They maintain control of the genome by the use of methylation and the particular properties of histones [1]. Unlike the Genomic of organisms, epigenomic modification isn’t permanent allowing more adaptivity and flexibility to new environmental and lifestyle [2]. Epigenomic modifications don't physically change the genetics of the organism but like genomics, can be passed down for many generations[1]. Alteration of the epigenome is mainly seen in specialised cells to make them efficient in their function (this is done so by the process of deactivating/reactivating gene sequences in the genome) [1].
Influencers of the Epigenome
- The DNA of an organism is compacted into the cell using histones [1]. Histone influence epigenomics by modifying the degree of expression/inhibition of a specific gene depending on the tension of the DNA around them. DNA that is wrapped tighter around the histones has a more inhibitory factor of gene expression due to the genes being unavailable to modify leaving them in a deactivated response. Genes that are loosely wrapped histones are open for modification by methylation and so are often activated and deactivated due to environmental stimuli.
- Methylation is the "switch" function of epigenomics. This is due to the methyl group joining to the histone/gene forming an epigenetic tag on it cause the total activation or deactivation of the gene [2]. These tags bind to the promoters of some influencing an inhibitory response preventing further transcription of the gene [2].
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 National Human Genome Research Institute, Epigenomics, April 1st 2016, citied 16th November 2017, https://www.genome.gov/27532724/epigenomics-fact-sheet/
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nature Education, Epigenomics: The New Tool in Studying Complex Diseases, 2008, citied 16th November 2017, https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/epigenomics-the-new-tool-in-studying-complex-694#