Glycine: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Glycine.png|right|Glycine.png]] Glycine is one of the 20 [[Amino acids|amino acids]]. It's three letter code is Gly, and it's [[Single letter amino acid codes|single letter code]] is G. It is the simplest [[Amino acids|amino acid]], with a [[Hydrogen|hydrogen]] atom as a side chain - this means glycine is the only [[Amino acids|amino acid]] which does not have a [[Chiral carbon|chiral]] [[Carbon|carbon]] [[Atom|atom]]<ref name="Glycine">Priv.-Doz. B. Kirste. (01-23-1998). Glycine. Available: http://www.chemie.fu-berlin.de/chemistry/bio/aminoacid/glycin_en.html. Last accessed 23-11-2010.</ref>, so it does not form [[Stereoisomer|stereoisomers]] therefore will not have L or D configurations. | [[Image:Glycine.png|right|Glycine.png]] Glycine is one of the 20 [[Amino acids|amino acids]]. It's three letter code is Gly, and it's [[Single letter amino acid codes|single letter code]] is G. It is the simplest and smallest [[Amino acids|amino acid]], with a [[Hydrogen|hydrogen]] atom as a side chain - this means glycine is the only [[Amino acids|amino acid]] which does not have a [[Chiral carbon|chiral]] [[Carbon|carbon]] [[Atom|atom]]<ref name="Glycine">Priv.-Doz. B. Kirste. (01-23-1998). Glycine. Available: http://www.chemie.fu-berlin.de/chemistry/bio/aminoacid/glycin_en.html. Last accessed 23-11-2010.</ref>, so it does not form [[Stereoisomer|stereoisomers]] therefore will not have L or D configurations. | ||
Glycine has a function outside of the [[Cell|cell]]. It plays a vital role in the [[Central nervous system|central nervous system]] as is acts as a [[Neurotransmitter|neurotransmitter]] in chemical synapses<ref>Molecular biology of the cell,4th edition, 2002, Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson , Julian Lewis, Martin Raff , Keith Roberts and Peter Walter. Page 764</ref>. | Glycine has a function outside of the [[Cell|cell]]. It plays a vital role in the [[Central nervous system|central nervous system]] as is acts as a [[Neurotransmitter|neurotransmitter]] in chemical synapses<ref>Molecular biology of the cell,4th edition, 2002, Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson , Julian Lewis, Martin Raff , Keith Roberts and Peter Walter. Page 764</ref>. | ||
Glycine has two [[Hydrogen|hydrogens]] attached to the [[Alpha carbon|alpha carbon]] and is found in flexible areas of proteins due to its short side chain<ref>http://www.acnp.org/g4/gn401000008/default.htm</ref><ref>Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L., and Stryer, L. (2002). Biochemistry (5th ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman</ref>.<br> | Glycine has two [[Hydrogen|hydrogens]] attached to the [[Alpha carbon|alpha carbon]] and is found in flexible areas of proteins due to its short side chain<ref>http://www.acnp.org/g4/gn401000008/default.htm</ref><ref>Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L., and Stryer, L. (2002). Biochemistry (5th ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman</ref>. Glycine is too flexible it might distort the alpha helix<ref>https://fold.it/portal/node/2000954</ref>.<br> | ||
=== History and etymology === | === History and etymology === | ||
Glycine was discovered in 1820 by Henri Braconnot when he hydrolyzed gelatin by boiling it with sulfuric acid | Glycine was discovered in 1820 by Henri Braconnot when he hydrolyzed gelatin by boiling it with sulfuric acid<ref>R.H.A. Plimmer (1912) [1908]. R.H.A. Plimmer; F.G. Hopkins, eds. The chemical composition of the proteins. Monographs on biochemistry. Part I. Analysis (2nd ed.).</ref>. He originally called it "sugar of gelatin"<ref>MacKenzie, Colin (1822). One Thousand Experiments in Chemistry: With Illustrations of Natural Phenomena; and Practical Observations on the Manufacturing and Chemical Processes at Present Pursued in the Successful Cultivation of the Useful Arts . Sir R. Phillips and Company.</ref>, but a student of Liebig showed that it contained Nitrogen, and Berzelius renamed it "glycine"<ref>Nye, Mary Jo (1999). Before Big Science: The Pursuit of Modern Chemistry and Physics, 1800-1940. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674063822.</ref>. The name comes from the Greek word γλυκύς "sweet tasting"<ref>"glycine". Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved 2015-12-06.</ref> (which is also related to the prefixes glyco- and gluco-, as in glycoprotein and glucose). Another early name for glycine was "glycocoll"<ref>Ihde, Aaron J. (1970). The Development of Modern Chemistry. Courier Corporation. ISBN 9780486642352.</ref><ref>https://fold.it/portal/node/2000954</ref>. | ||
=== References === | === References === | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Latest revision as of 13:58, 2 December 2018
Glycine is one of the 20 amino acids. It's three letter code is Gly, and it's single letter code is G. It is the simplest and smallest amino acid, with a hydrogen atom as a side chain - this means glycine is the only amino acid which does not have a chiral carbon atom[1], so it does not form stereoisomers therefore will not have L or D configurations.
Glycine has a function outside of the cell. It plays a vital role in the central nervous system as is acts as a neurotransmitter in chemical synapses[2].
Glycine has two hydrogens attached to the alpha carbon and is found in flexible areas of proteins due to its short side chain[3][4]. Glycine is too flexible it might distort the alpha helix[5].
History and etymology
Glycine was discovered in 1820 by Henri Braconnot when he hydrolyzed gelatin by boiling it with sulfuric acid[6]. He originally called it "sugar of gelatin"[7], but a student of Liebig showed that it contained Nitrogen, and Berzelius renamed it "glycine"[8]. The name comes from the Greek word γλυκύς "sweet tasting"[9] (which is also related to the prefixes glyco- and gluco-, as in glycoprotein and glucose). Another early name for glycine was "glycocoll"[10][11].
References
- ↑ Priv.-Doz. B. Kirste. (01-23-1998). Glycine. Available: http://www.chemie.fu-berlin.de/chemistry/bio/aminoacid/glycin_en.html. Last accessed 23-11-2010.
- ↑ Molecular biology of the cell,4th edition, 2002, Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson , Julian Lewis, Martin Raff , Keith Roberts and Peter Walter. Page 764
- ↑ http://www.acnp.org/g4/gn401000008/default.htm
- ↑ Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L., and Stryer, L. (2002). Biochemistry (5th ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman
- ↑ https://fold.it/portal/node/2000954
- ↑ R.H.A. Plimmer (1912) [1908]. R.H.A. Plimmer; F.G. Hopkins, eds. The chemical composition of the proteins. Monographs on biochemistry. Part I. Analysis (2nd ed.).
- ↑ MacKenzie, Colin (1822). One Thousand Experiments in Chemistry: With Illustrations of Natural Phenomena; and Practical Observations on the Manufacturing and Chemical Processes at Present Pursued in the Successful Cultivation of the Useful Arts . Sir R. Phillips and Company.
- ↑ Nye, Mary Jo (1999). Before Big Science: The Pursuit of Modern Chemistry and Physics, 1800-1940. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674063822.
- ↑ "glycine". Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
- ↑ Ihde, Aaron J. (1970). The Development of Modern Chemistry. Courier Corporation. ISBN 9780486642352.
- ↑ https://fold.it/portal/node/2000954