Disulphide bonds: Difference between revisions
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A disulphide bond (also known as S-S bonds, disuphide bridges and disulfide bonds) is a covalent bond between two sulphur atoms. | A disulphide bond (also known as S-S bonds, disuphide bridges and disulfide bonds) is a [[Covalent_bond|covalent bond ]]between two [[Sulphur|sulphur ]]atoms. | ||
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They are the most common cross-linkage found in polypeptides. Disulphide bonds can form by oxidation, between the thiol (-SH) groups on two adjacent cysteine residues.The cysteine residues may be on the same polypeptide chain (an intrachain disulphide bond) or on two separate polypeptide chains (an interchain disulphide bond). Disulphide bonds are an important structural characteristic of polypeptides, providing stability to the protein because only large amounts of energy are able to break the covalent cross-link. Reinforcement of the polypeptide conformation is provided by the disufide bond in order for the protein to maintain its structure (and hence function) in extracellular conditions. Proteins to do not require the additional support inside the cell, the reducing environment of cytosol converts a disulphide bond back to thiol groups by reducing agents. | They are the most common cross-linkage found in polypeptides. Disulphide bonds can form by [[Oxidation|oxidation]], between the thiol (-SH) groups on two adjacent [[Cysteine|cysteine ]]residues.The cysteine residues may be on the same polypeptide chain (an intrachain disulphide bond) or on two separate polypeptide chains (an interchain disulphide bond). Disulphide bonds are an important structural characteristic of [[Polypeptides|polypeptides]], providing stability to the protein because only large amounts of energy are able to break the covalent cross-link. Reinforcement of the polypeptide conformation is provided by the disufide bond in order for the protein to maintain its structure (and hence function) in extracellular conditions. Proteins to do not require the additional support inside the cell, the [[Reduction|reducing ]]environment of [[Cytosol|cytosol ]]converts a disulphide bond back to thiol groups by reducing agents<ref name="1">Bruce Alberts et al (2008), Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition, Page 147-148, 636.</ref>. | ||
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Revision as of 21:27, 19 November 2013
A disulphide bond (also known as S-S bonds, disuphide bridges and disulfide bonds) is a covalent bond between two sulphur atoms.
The general equation for the formation of a disulphide bond:
2 R-SH ⇔ R-S-S-R + 2H+ + 2e-
(Note: "R" represents a side chain)
They are the most common cross-linkage found in polypeptides. Disulphide bonds can form by oxidation, between the thiol (-SH) groups on two adjacent cysteine residues.The cysteine residues may be on the same polypeptide chain (an intrachain disulphide bond) or on two separate polypeptide chains (an interchain disulphide bond). Disulphide bonds are an important structural characteristic of polypeptides, providing stability to the protein because only large amounts of energy are able to break the covalent cross-link. Reinforcement of the polypeptide conformation is provided by the disufide bond in order for the protein to maintain its structure (and hence function) in extracellular conditions. Proteins to do not require the additional support inside the cell, the reducing environment of cytosol converts a disulphide bond back to thiol groups by reducing agentsCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title.