Haemolytic anaemia: Difference between revisions

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&nbsp;Haemolytic anaemia is a condition where [[Haemolysis|haemolytic]] levels exceed [[Erythrocyte|erythrocyte]] production in the [[Bone_marrow|bone marrow]], thereby resulting in [[Anaemia|anaemia<ref>Valent P, Lechner K. Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune haemolytic anaemias in adults: a clinical review. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. 2008 Mar 1;120(5-6):136-51.</ref>]].
Haemolytic [[Anaemia|anaemia]] is a condition where [[Haemolysis|haemolytic]] levels exceed [[Erythrocyte|erythrocyte]] production in the [[Bone marrow|bone marrow]], thereby resulting in anaemia<ref>Valent P, Lechner K. Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune haemolytic anaemias in adults: a clinical review. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. 2008 Mar 1;120(5-6):136-51.</ref>.  


=== Causes ===
=== Causes ===


There are intrinsic and extrinsic causes that may result in haemolytic anaemia:
There are intrinsic and extrinsic causes that may result in haemolytic anaemia:  


Intrinsic:
==== Intrinsic: ====


#Defects in erythrocyte [[Cell_membrane|membranes<ref>Gallagher PG. Abnormalities of the erythrocyte membrane. Pediatric Clinics of North America. 2013 Dec;60(6):1349.</ref>]]
#Defects in erythrocyte membranes<ref>Gallagher PG. Abnormalities of the erythrocyte membrane. Pediatric Clinics of North America. 2013 Dec;60(6):1349.</ref>  
#Defects in [[Haemoglobin|haemoglobin<ref>Forget BG, Bunn HF. Classification of the disorders of hemoglobin. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine. 2013 Feb 1;3(2):a011684.</ref>]]
#Defects in haemoglobin<ref>Forget BG, Bunn HF. Classification of the disorders of haemoglobin. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine. 2013 Feb 1;3(2):a011684.</ref>  
#Defects in erythrocyte metabolic pathways<ref>Jacobasch G, Rapoport SM. Hemolytic anemias due to erythrocyte enzyme deficiencies. Molecular aspects of medicine. 1996 Apr 1;17(2):143-70.</ref>
#Defects in erythrocyte metabolic pathways<ref>Jacobasch G, Rapoport SM. Hemolytic anaemias due to erythrocyte enzyme deficiencies. Molecular aspects of medicine. 1996 Apr 1;17(2):143-70.</ref>


==== Extrinsic:  ====


#Immune-mediated causes such as [[Autoimmune disease|autoimmune]] haemolytic anaemia<ref>Gehrs BC, Friedberg RC. Autoimmune hemolytic anaemia. American journal of haematology. 2002 Apr 1;69(4):258-71.</ref>
#Lead poisoning<ref>Valentine WN, Paglia DE, Fink K, Madokoro G. Lead poisoning: association with hemolytic anaemia, basophilic stippling, erythrocyte pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase deficiency, and intraerythrocytic accumulation of pyrimidines. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1976 Oct;58(4):926.</ref>
#Runners' macrocytosis (enlargement of red blood cells with near-constant haemoglobin concentration)<ref>Eichner ER. Runner's macrocytosis: a clue to footstrike hemolysis. Runner's anaemia as a benefit versus runner's hemolysis as a detriment. The American journal of medicine. 1985 Feb 1;78(2):321-5.</ref>


Extrinsic:
=== References ===
 
#Immune-mediated causes such as [[Autoimmune_disease|autoimmune]] haemolytic anaemia<ref>Gehrs BC, Friedberg RC. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia. American journal of hematology. 2002 Apr 1;69(4):258-71.</ref>
#Lead poisoning<ref>Valentine WN, Paglia DE, Fink K, Madokoro G. Lead poisoning: association with hemolytic anemia, basophilic stippling, erythrocyte pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase deficiency, and intraerythrocytic accumulation of pyrimidines. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1976 Oct;58(4):926.</ref>
#Runners' macrocytosis (enlargement of red blood cells with near-constant hemoglobin concentration)<ref>Eichner ER. Runner's macrocytosis: a clue to footstrike hemolysis. Runner's anemia as a benefit versus runner's hemolysis as a detriment. The American journal of medicine. 1985 Feb 1;78(2):321-5.</ref>
 
 
 
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Latest revision as of 09:42, 29 October 2017

Haemolytic anaemia is a condition where haemolytic levels exceed erythrocyte production in the bone marrow, thereby resulting in anaemia[1].

Causes

There are intrinsic and extrinsic causes that may result in haemolytic anaemia:

Intrinsic:

  1. Defects in erythrocyte membranes[2]
  2. Defects in haemoglobin[3]
  3. Defects in erythrocyte metabolic pathways[4]

Extrinsic:

  1. Immune-mediated causes such as autoimmune haemolytic anaemia[5]
  2. Lead poisoning[6]
  3. Runners' macrocytosis (enlargement of red blood cells with near-constant haemoglobin concentration)[7]

References

  1. ↑ Valent P, Lechner K. Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune haemolytic anaemias in adults: a clinical review. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. 2008 Mar 1;120(5-6):136-51.
  2. ↑ Gallagher PG. Abnormalities of the erythrocyte membrane. Pediatric Clinics of North America. 2013 Dec;60(6):1349.
  3. ↑ Forget BG, Bunn HF. Classification of the disorders of haemoglobin. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine. 2013 Feb 1;3(2):a011684.
  4. ↑ Jacobasch G, Rapoport SM. Hemolytic anaemias due to erythrocyte enzyme deficiencies. Molecular aspects of medicine. 1996 Apr 1;17(2):143-70.
  5. ↑ Gehrs BC, Friedberg RC. Autoimmune hemolytic anaemia. American journal of haematology. 2002 Apr 1;69(4):258-71.
  6. ↑ Valentine WN, Paglia DE, Fink K, Madokoro G. Lead poisoning: association with hemolytic anaemia, basophilic stippling, erythrocyte pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase deficiency, and intraerythrocytic accumulation of pyrimidines. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1976 Oct;58(4):926.
  7. ↑ Eichner ER. Runner's macrocytosis: a clue to footstrike hemolysis. Runner's anaemia as a benefit versus runner's hemolysis as a detriment. The American journal of medicine. 1985 Feb 1;78(2):321-5.
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