Salbutamol: Difference between revisions
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Salbutamol is a B<sub>2</sub> [[Adrenegic receptor|adrenergic]] [[Agonist|agonist]] drug. In 1969 one of the biggest pharmaceutical companies, [[GlaxoSmithKline|GlaxoSmithKline]] launched salbutamol l (also kown as [[Ventolin|Ventolin]]).The company focused on discovering chemical substances to change their natural [[Mediators|mediators]] and observe their effects in specific organs of patients. The research was led by [[David Jack|David Jack]] <ref>http://www.gsk.com/about/history-nofalsh.htm</ref>. Salbutamol was found to dilate the [[Bronchi|bronchi]] by acting on B<sub>2</sub> receptors on bronchial smooth muscle, salbutamol acts on [[G-protein Coupled Receptor|G-protein receptors]] causing activation of [[Adenylyl cyclase|adenylyl cyclase]] and increasing [[CAMP|cAMP]] then causing smooth muscle to be relaxed <ref>Heitsch H,Drug News Perspect 'Bradykinin B2 receptor as a potential therapeutic target', 2000 May;13(4):213-25</ref>. Salbutamol is commonly administered in an aerosol form puff inhailler.<u><br></u> | Salbutamol is a B<sub>2</sub> [[Adrenegic receptor|adrenergic]] [[Agonist|agonist]] drug. In 1969 one of the biggest pharmaceutical companies, [[GlaxoSmithKline|GlaxoSmithKline]] launched salbutamol l (also kown as [[Ventolin|Ventolin]]).The company focused on discovering chemical substances to change their natural [[Mediators|mediators]] and observe their effects in specific organs of patients. The research was led by [[David Jack|David Jack]] <ref>http://www.gsk.com/about/history-nofalsh.htm</ref>. Salbutamol was found to dilate the [[Bronchi|bronchi]] by acting on B<sub>2</sub> receptors on bronchial smooth muscle, salbutamol acts on [[G-protein Coupled Receptor|G-protein receptors]] causing activation of [[Adenylyl cyclase|adenylyl cyclase]] and increasing [[CAMP|cAMP]] then causing smooth muscle to be relaxed <ref>Heitsch H,Drug News Perspect 'Bradykinin B2 receptor as a potential therapeutic target', 2000 May;13(4):213-25</ref>. Salbutamol is commonly administered in an aerosol form puff inhailler.<u><br></u> | ||
=== Salbutamol and [[Asthma|Asthma]]<br> === | === Salbutamol and [[Asthma|Asthma]]<br> === | ||
It was also discovered that Salbutamol inhibits realease of [[Mast cells|mast cells]], hence decreasing [[Histamine|histamine]] as well <ref>Heitsch H,Drug News Perspect'Bradykinin B2 receptor as a potential therapeutic target',2000 May;13(4):213-25</ref>. Salbutamol is administered to treat [[Asthma|asthma]] by inhaling it, using an [[Inhaler|inhaler]]. The [[Elimination half-life|elimination half-life]], [[Clearance rate|clearance rate]] and [[Elimination rate constant|elimination rate constant]] of salbutamol in the body is 3.35 ± 1.07 h, 256.12 ± 3.55 ml/min and 0.24 ± 0.09 h<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Salbutamol lasts for 4-6 hours in the body <ref>Narasimha Murthy S,Int J Pharm,'Clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of transdermal drug delivery systems of salbutamol sulfate',2004 Dec 9;287(1-2):47-53</ref>. Other drugs used to treat asthma are [[Muscaranic|Muscaranic]] [[Agonists|agonists]] like [[Ipratropium|Ipratropium]], [[Xanthines|Xanthines]] like [[Theophylline|Theophylline]], also [[Glucorticoids|Glucorticoids]] like [[Beclomethasone|Beclomethasone]],[[Prednisolone|Prednisolone]] and [[Hydrocortisone|Hydrocortisone]]. [[Sodium Cromolyn|Sodium Cromolyn]] a [[ | It was also discovered that Salbutamol inhibits realease of [[Mast cells|mast cells]], hence decreasing [[Histamine|histamine]] as well <ref>Heitsch H,Drug News Perspect'Bradykinin B2 receptor as a potential therapeutic target',2000 May;13(4):213-25</ref>. Salbutamol is administered to treat [[Asthma|asthma]] by inhaling it, using an [[Inhaler|inhaler]]. The [[Elimination half-life|elimination half-life]], [[Clearance rate|clearance rate]] and [[Elimination rate constant|elimination rate constant]] of salbutamol in the body is 3.35 ± 1.07 h, 256.12 ± 3.55 ml/min and 0.24 ± 0.09 h<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Salbutamol lasts for 4-6 hours in the body <ref>Narasimha Murthy S,Int J Pharm,'Clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of transdermal drug delivery systems of salbutamol sulfate',2004 Dec 9;287(1-2):47-53</ref>. Other drugs used to treat asthma are [[Muscaranic|Muscaranic]] [[Agonists|agonists]] like [[Ipratropium|Ipratropium]], [[Xanthines|Xanthines]] like [[Theophylline|Theophylline]], also [[Glucorticoids|Glucorticoids]] like [[Beclomethasone|Beclomethasone]],[[Prednisolone|Prednisolone]] and [[Hydrocortisone|Hydrocortisone]]. [[Sodium Cromolyn|Sodium Cromolyn]] a [[Mast cells|mast cell stabiliser]] and inhibits hyper-responsivity is also used to treat [[Asthma|asthma]] <ref>http://www.healthcentral.com/asthma/find-drug.htm</ref>.<br> | ||
=== <u></u>Side effects of using Salbutamol as a treatment<u></u><br> | === <u></u>Side effects of using Salbutamol as a treatment<u></u><br> === | ||
[[Tremor|Tremor]], increased pulse and [[Tolerance|tolerance]] are the main side effects of using salbutamol.< | [[Tremor|Tremor]], increased pulse and [[Tolerance|tolerance]] are the main side effects of using salbutamol. | ||
=== '''Genetic variation in drug response''' === | |||
Several polymorphisms in the gene encoding the beta-adrenoreceptor can affect drug response in individuals. Up to half the variability between individuals to the response of beta 2 agonists, such as Salbutamol, has been suggested to be due to polymorphisms in the genome <ref>Drazen J M, Silverman E K, Lee T H. Heterogeneity of therapeutic responses in asthma. Br Med Bull 2000. 561054–1070.1070</ref>. | |||
=== References === | === References === | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Revision as of 13:51, 17 October 2014
Salbutamol is a B2 adrenergic agonist drug. In 1969 one of the biggest pharmaceutical companies, GlaxoSmithKline launched salbutamol l (also kown as Ventolin).The company focused on discovering chemical substances to change their natural mediators and observe their effects in specific organs of patients. The research was led by David Jack [1]. Salbutamol was found to dilate the bronchi by acting on B2 receptors on bronchial smooth muscle, salbutamol acts on G-protein receptors causing activation of adenylyl cyclase and increasing cAMP then causing smooth muscle to be relaxed [2]. Salbutamol is commonly administered in an aerosol form puff inhailler.
Salbutamol and Asthma
It was also discovered that Salbutamol inhibits realease of mast cells, hence decreasing histamine as well [3]. Salbutamol is administered to treat asthma by inhaling it, using an inhaler. The elimination half-life, clearance rate and elimination rate constant of salbutamol in the body is 3.35 ± 1.07 h, 256.12 ± 3.55 ml/min and 0.24 ± 0.09 h-1, respectively. Salbutamol lasts for 4-6 hours in the body [4]. Other drugs used to treat asthma are Muscaranic agonists like Ipratropium, Xanthines like Theophylline, also Glucorticoids like Beclomethasone,Prednisolone and Hydrocortisone. Sodium Cromolyn a mast cell stabiliser and inhibits hyper-responsivity is also used to treat asthma [5].
Side effects of using Salbutamol as a treatment
Tremor, increased pulse and tolerance are the main side effects of using salbutamol.
Genetic variation in drug response
Several polymorphisms in the gene encoding the beta-adrenoreceptor can affect drug response in individuals. Up to half the variability between individuals to the response of beta 2 agonists, such as Salbutamol, has been suggested to be due to polymorphisms in the genome [6].
References
- ↑ http://www.gsk.com/about/history-nofalsh.htm
- ↑ Heitsch H,Drug News Perspect 'Bradykinin B2 receptor as a potential therapeutic target', 2000 May;13(4):213-25
- ↑ Heitsch H,Drug News Perspect'Bradykinin B2 receptor as a potential therapeutic target',2000 May;13(4):213-25
- ↑ Narasimha Murthy S,Int J Pharm,'Clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of transdermal drug delivery systems of salbutamol sulfate',2004 Dec 9;287(1-2):47-53
- ↑ http://www.healthcentral.com/asthma/find-drug.htm
- ↑ Drazen J M, Silverman E K, Lee T H. Heterogeneity of therapeutic responses in asthma. Br Med Bull 2000. 561054–1070.1070