Apoptosis: Difference between revisions
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Apoptosis (or programmed cell death) is one of the methods by which the [[ | Apoptosis (or programmed cell death) is one of the methods by which the [[The cell cycle|cell cycle]] is regulated. It is in response to [[DNA|DNA]] in the cell being badly damaged and the [[P53|p53]][[Tertiary_Protein_Structure|protein]] being activated, this starts a cascade of events that eventually leads to [[Capases|capases]] in the cells being activated <ref>Becker W.Bertoni G.Hardin J.Kliensmith L.(2009)The world of the cell,7th edition,San Fransisco:Pearson. p590</ref>. These capases can then cleave [[Nuclear lamins|nuclear lamins]], activate [[DNAase|DNAase]] as well as cleave the [[Cytoskeleton|cytoskeleton]]. Which leaves the cell detected from all neighbouring cells with no functioning [[DNA|DNA]] and misshapen; the cell is then engulfed but [[Phagocytosis|phagocytosis]] and digested cleanly <ref>Alberts B.Johnson A.Lewis J.Raff M.Roberts K.Walter P.(2008) molecular biology of the cell,5th edition,New york:Garland science. p1116</ref>. Apoptosis can be initiated other ways however for example, in tadpoles a hormone is produced from the [[Thyroid gland|thyroid gland]] that causes apoptosis to occur in their tail when they are becoming an adult frog this causes the cells in the tail to die causing their tail to disappear<ref>Alberts B.Johnson A.Lewis J.Raff M.Roberts K.Walter P.(2008) molecular biology of the cell,5th edition,New york:Garland science. p1119</ref>.<br> | ||
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Revision as of 22:50, 28 November 2010
Apoptosis (or programmed cell death) is one of the methods by which the cell cycle is regulated. It is in response to DNA in the cell being badly damaged and the p53protein being activated, this starts a cascade of events that eventually leads to capases in the cells being activated [1]. These capases can then cleave nuclear lamins, activate DNAase as well as cleave the cytoskeleton. Which leaves the cell detected from all neighbouring cells with no functioning DNA and misshapen; the cell is then engulfed but phagocytosis and digested cleanly [2]. Apoptosis can be initiated other ways however for example, in tadpoles a hormone is produced from the thyroid gland that causes apoptosis to occur in their tail when they are becoming an adult frog this causes the cells in the tail to die causing their tail to disappear[3].
References:
- ↑ Becker W.Bertoni G.Hardin J.Kliensmith L.(2009)The world of the cell,7th edition,San Fransisco:Pearson. p590
- ↑ Alberts B.Johnson A.Lewis J.Raff M.Roberts K.Walter P.(2008) molecular biology of the cell,5th edition,New york:Garland science. p1116
- ↑ Alberts B.Johnson A.Lewis J.Raff M.Roberts K.Walter P.(2008) molecular biology of the cell,5th edition,New york:Garland science. p1119