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Prokaryotes are organisms which can be classified on the basis of cell structure of two categories namely the eukaryotes and the prokaryotes. The defination of the word prokaryote in Greek state that "''pro"'' before and "''karyon''" has a meaning of nucleus or ''"kernel". ''&nbsp;Prokaryotes lack nuclei which carries genetic information, DNA. However, prokaryotes has DNA in a circular form and lies free in the cytoplasm. The DNA in prokaryotes is naked DNA. Prokaryotes have cell walls which is a nerwork of fibres that provides the cell with strength and rigidity. The network of fibres in the cell wall allows the cell to be freely permeable. These differ from eukaryotes&nbsp;which have a [[Nucleus|nucleus]] containing genetic information ([[DNA|DNA]]).&nbsp;Most prokaryotes are unicellular (single cells) but there are some that have life cycles with multi cellular stages.&nbsp;[[Bacteria|Bacteria]]&nbsp;(such as ''[[Escherichia coli|Escherichia coli]]'')'',''&nbsp;[[Archaea|archaea]]&nbsp;and cynobacteria are prokaryotes<references /><ref>Alberts B., Johnson A., Lewis J., Raff M., Roberts K., Walter P., (2008), Molecular Biology of The Cell, Fifth Edition, New York: Garland Science,Taylor and Francis Group, p14.</ref>. The prokaryotes typically has an average diameter size of cell ranging between 0.5-5µm. The prokaryotes have slightly smaller ribosomes, 70S ( about18nm diameter) as compared to eukaryotes, 80S (about 22nm diameter). No endoplasmic reticulum , mitochondria and chloroplasts are present in a prokaryote cell. Prokaryote cells moves with the help of flagella or cilia made of flagellin.&nbsp;Prokaryotes breed through asexual reproduction, usually either by budding or binary fission (simple division)&nbsp;<ref>Jones M., Fosbery R., Taylor D., Gregory J., (2008), Biology, Second Edition, Oxford: Cambridge University Press, p17-18.</ref>. Most prokaryote cells are small and simple in their outward appearance which are typically spherical or rod-shaped<ref>Alberts B., Johnson A., Lewis J., Raff M., Roberts K., Walter P., (2008), Molecular Biology of The Cell, Fifth Edition, New York: Garland Science,Taylor and Francis Group, p14.</ref>.  
Prokaryotes are organisms defined by their lack of membrane bound organelles. The&nbsp;origin of the word prokaryote&nbsp;comes from the&nbsp;Greek&nbsp;"''pro",&nbsp;''meaning&nbsp;before, and "''karyon''"&nbsp;which means&nbsp;nucleus or ''"kernel". ''&nbsp;Prokaryotes lack a [[Nucleus|nucleus]] to store [[DNA|DNA]].&nbsp;Their [[DNA|DNA]] is instead found&nbsp;in a circular form within the [[Cytoplasm|cytoplasm]]. The DNA in prokaryotes is naked DNA. Prokaryotes have [[Cell_wall|cell walls ]]which&nbsp;are a network of fibres that provides the cell with strength and rigidity. This&nbsp;network&nbsp;in the cell wall allows the cell to be freely permeable. These differ from eukaryotes&nbsp;which have a [[Nucleus|nucleus]] containing genetic information ([[DNA|DNA]]).&nbsp;Most prokaryotes are unicellular (single cells) but there are some that have life cycles with multi cellular stages.&nbsp;[[Bacteria|Bacteria]]&nbsp;(such as ''[[Escherichia coli|Escherichia coli]]'')'',''&nbsp;[[Archaea|archaea]]&nbsp;and cynobacteria are prokaryotes<references /><ref>Alberts B., Johnson A., Lewis J., Raff M., Roberts K., Walter P., (2008), Molecular Biology of The Cell, Fifth Edition, New York: Garland Science,Taylor and Francis Group, p14.</ref>. The prokaryotes typically have an average cell&nbsp;diameter ranging between 0.5-5µm. The prokaryotes have slightly smaller [[Ribosome|ribosomes]], 70S ( about 18nm diameter) as compared to eukaryotes, 80S (about 22nm diameter). No endoplasmic reticulum , mitochondria and chloroplasts are present in a prokaryote cell. Prokaryote cells moves with the help of [[Flagella|flagella]] or [[Cilia|cilia]] made of flagellin.&nbsp;Prokaryotes breed through asexual reproduction, usually either by budding or binary fission (simple division)&nbsp;<ref>Jones M., Fosbery R., Taylor D., Gregory J., (2008), Biology, Second Edition, Oxford: Cambridge University Press, p17-18.</ref>. Most prokaryote cells are small and simple in their outward appearance which are typically spherical or rod-shaped<ref>Alberts B., Johnson A., Lewis J., Raff M., Roberts K., Walter P., (2008), Molecular Biology of The Cell, Fifth Edition, New York: Garland Science,Taylor and Francis Group, p14.</ref>.  


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=== References  ===
=== References  ===


<references /><ref>Jones M., Fosbery R., Taylor D., Gregory J., (2008), Biology, Second Edition, Oxford: Cambridge University Press, p17-18.</ref>
<references /><ref>Jones M., Fosbery R., Taylor D., Gregory J., (2008), Biology, Second Edition, Oxford: Cambridge University Press, p17-18.</ref>

Revision as of 14:41, 30 November 2012

Prokaryotes are organisms defined by their lack of membrane bound organelles. The origin of the word prokaryote comes from the Greek "pro", meaning before, and "karyon" which means nucleus or "kernel".  Prokaryotes lack a nucleus to store DNA. Their DNA is instead found in a circular form within the cytoplasm. The DNA in prokaryotes is naked DNA. Prokaryotes have cell walls which are a network of fibres that provides the cell with strength and rigidity. This network in the cell wall allows the cell to be freely permeable. These differ from eukaryotes which have a nucleus containing genetic information (DNA). Most prokaryotes are unicellular (single cells) but there are some that have life cycles with multi cellular stages. Bacteria (such as Escherichia coli), archaea and cynobacteria are prokaryotes[1]. The prokaryotes typically have an average cell diameter ranging between 0.5-5µm. The prokaryotes have slightly smaller ribosomes, 70S ( about 18nm diameter) as compared to eukaryotes, 80S (about 22nm diameter). No endoplasmic reticulum , mitochondria and chloroplasts are present in a prokaryote cell. Prokaryote cells moves with the help of flagella or cilia made of flagellin. Prokaryotes breed through asexual reproduction, usually either by budding or binary fission (simple division) [2]. Most prokaryote cells are small and simple in their outward appearance which are typically spherical or rod-shaped[3].


References

  1. ↑ Alberts B., Johnson A., Lewis J., Raff M., Roberts K., Walter P., (2008), Molecular Biology of The Cell, Fifth Edition, New York: Garland Science,Taylor and Francis Group, p14.
  2. ↑ Jones M., Fosbery R., Taylor D., Gregory J., (2008), Biology, Second Edition, Oxford: Cambridge University Press, p17-18.
  3. ↑ Alberts B., Johnson A., Lewis J., Raff M., Roberts K., Walter P., (2008), Molecular Biology of The Cell, Fifth Edition, New York: Garland Science,Taylor and Francis Group, p14.

[1]

  1. ↑ Jones M., Fosbery R., Taylor D., Gregory J., (2008), Biology, Second Edition, Oxford: Cambridge University Press, p17-18.
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