Sex chromosomes: Difference between revisions
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Sex is determined by the sex [[ | Sex is determined by the sex [[Chromosome|chromosomes]] of a particular organism. In humans, females have 2 X chromosomes whilst males have XY chromosomes. The female (in humans and many other mammals) is known as the [[Homogametic|homogametic]] sex, whilst the male is known as the [[Heterogametic|heterogametic]] sex. By contrast some organisms (birds and some reptiles, butterflies and moths) the male is homogametic and the female is heterogametic. In this case the sex chromosomes are represented by WZ (female) and ZZ (male) rather than the XX-XY mechanism.<br> | ||
There are many different disorders and diseases associted with sex chromosomes resulting from non disjunction during meiosis: | There are many different disorders and diseases associted with sex chromosomes resulting from non disjunction during meiosis: | ||
*[[Klinefelter syndrome|Klinefelter syndrome]] is caused by the presence of more than one [[X chromosome|X chromosome]] when a [[Y chromosome|Y chromosome]] is also present (47,XXY). In this case the Y chromosome is enough to determine maleness. However, the affected male will be sterile and may also be affected by other symptoms such as the development of breasts and also mental impairment. Males affected also tend to be phenotypically tall. | *[[Klinefelter syndrome|Klinefelter syndrome]] is caused by the presence of more than one [[X chromosome|X chromosome]] when a [[Y chromosome|Y chromosome]] is also present (47,XXY). In this case the Y chromosome is enough to determine maleness. However, the affected male will be sterile and may also be affected by other symptoms such as the development of breasts and also mental impairment. Males affected also tend to be phenotypically tall. | ||
*[[Turner syndrome|Turner syndrome]] is caused by monosomy of the X chromosome (45,X). The affected female will probably not sexually mature properly and will oftern experience spontaneous abortion. Those affected also tend to be phenotypically short <ref>[Daniel L. Hartl and Elizabeth W. Jones (2009) Genetics analysis of genes and genomes (seventh edition) mississauga, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc.]</ref>. | *[[Turner syndrome|Turner syndrome]] is caused by [[Monosomy|monosomy]] of the X chromosome (45,X). The affected female will probably not sexually mature properly and will oftern experience spontaneous abortion. Those affected also tend to be phenotypically short <ref>[Daniel L. Hartl and Elizabeth W. Jones (2009) Genetics analysis of genes and genomes (seventh edition) mississauga, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc.]</ref>. | ||
=== References === | === References === | ||
<references /><br> | <references /><br> | ||
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Revision as of 01:37, 14 November 2014
Sex is determined by the sex chromosomes of a particular organism. In humans, females have 2 X chromosomes whilst males have XY chromosomes. The female (in humans and many other mammals) is known as the homogametic sex, whilst the male is known as the heterogametic sex. By contrast some organisms (birds and some reptiles, butterflies and moths) the male is homogametic and the female is heterogametic. In this case the sex chromosomes are represented by WZ (female) and ZZ (male) rather than the XX-XY mechanism.
There are many different disorders and diseases associted with sex chromosomes resulting from non disjunction during meiosis:
- Klinefelter syndrome is caused by the presence of more than one X chromosome when a Y chromosome is also present (47,XXY). In this case the Y chromosome is enough to determine maleness. However, the affected male will be sterile and may also be affected by other symptoms such as the development of breasts and also mental impairment. Males affected also tend to be phenotypically tall.
- Turner syndrome is caused by monosomy of the X chromosome (45,X). The affected female will probably not sexually mature properly and will oftern experience spontaneous abortion. Those affected also tend to be phenotypically short [1].
References
- ↑ [Daniel L. Hartl and Elizabeth W. Jones (2009) Genetics analysis of genes and genomes (seventh edition) mississauga, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc.]